Chapter 10-Launching the New Ship of State, 1789-1800 Flashcards
All of the following are accurate description of the young American nation
- its population was still about 90 percent rural, despite the flourishing cities
- the first official census of 1790 recorded almost 4 million people
- all but 5 percent of the people lived east of the Appalachian Mountains
- foreign visitors looked down at the roughness and crudity of the pioneering life
When the new government was launched in 1789
the nation’s population was doubling about every twenty-five years
Despite the flourishing cities, America’s population was still about ____ percent rural.
90
Regarding central authority, early Americans saw it as all of the following
something to be distrusted
something to be watched
something to be curbed
a necessary evil
The new Constitution did not provide for the creation of a(n)
cabinet
Thomas Jefferson
secretary of state
Alexander Hamilton
secretary of treasury
Henry Knox
secretary of war
John Jay
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
One of the major criticisms of the Constitution, as drafted in Philadelphia, was that it
did not provide guarantees for individual rights
The Bill of Rights was intended to protect ____ against the potential tyranny of ____.
individual liberties, a strong central government
One of the first jobs facing the new government, formed under the Constitution, was to
draw up and pass a bill of rights
All of the following are guarantees provided by the Bill of Rights
- freedom of speech
- freedom of religion
- freedom of the press
- right to a trial by jury
Which amendment guards against the danger that enumerating rights might lead to the conclusion that they were the only ones protected?
ninth
The _____ Amendment might rightly be called the states’ rights amendment.
Tenth
All of the following were true of Alexander Hamilton
- he served as the first Secretary of the Treasury
- he would have been president if it were not for his ultraconservatism, a scandalous adultery, and a duelist’s bullet
- his chief rival was Thomas Jefferson
- he claimed that the “British Government was the best in the world”
Alexander Hamilton’s financial program for the economic development of the United States favored
the wealthier class
Hamilton believed that, together, his funding and assumption programs would
gain the monetary and political support of the rich for the federal government
As secretary of the treasury, Alexander Hamilton’s first objective was to
bolster the national credit
All of the following were part of Alexander Hamilton’s economic program
- the creation of a national bank
- funding the entire national debt at par
- vigorous foreign trade
- protective tariffs
Alexander Hamilton believed that a limited national debt
was beneficial, because people to whom the government owed money would work had to make the nation a success
The aspect of Hamilton’s financial program that received the least support in Congress, because of its heavy agriculture and commercial interests, was
a protective tariff
Hamilton expected that the revenue to pay the interest on the national debt would come from
customs duties and excise tax
Alexander Hamilton’s proposed bank of the United States was
based on the “necessary and proper,” or “elastic,” clause in the Constitution
Jefferson’s argument against the constitutionality of a Bank of the United States were based on the strict construction principles, especially embodied in the
Tenth Amendment in the Bill of Rights
Hamilton’s major programs seriously infringed on
states’ rights
The Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 arose in southwestern Pennsylvania when the federal government
levied an excise tax on whiskey
All of the following are true statements about the Whiskey Rebellion
- backcountry pioneer folk saw whiskey not as a luxury but as an economic necessity and medium of exchange
- protesters felt burdened by Hamilton’s economic programs
- protesters erected whiskey poles similar to liberty poles used against the Stamp Act in 1765
- whiskey rebels tarred and feathered revenue officers
Alexander Hamilton’s Bank of the United States was modeled on the
Bank of England
The Founders had not envisioned the existence of permanent political parties because they
saw them as a sign of disloyalty and lack of national unity
Hamilton
- privileges for the upper classes
- pro-British
- potent central government
- government support for business
Jefferson
- sympathy for the common people
- pay off the national debt
- pro-French
- universal education
Opposition by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison to the financial plan of Alexander Hamilton resulted in
the formation of permanent political parties
The event of the 1790s that has left the deepest scar on American political and social life is
the French Revolution
The political part of the outs that provided the loyal opposition to the party in power in the 1790s was the
Democratic-Republicans
The Franco-American alliance of 1778
bound the United States to help the French defend their possessions in the West Indies
The Neutrality Proclamation in 1793
officially proclaimed America’s neutrality in Old World quarrels
When the French Revolution developed into a war with Britain, George Washington and the American government
remained neutral
Washington’s Neutrality Proclamation of 1793
was based on calculations of American self-interest
Arrange the following events in chronological order: XYZ affair, Neutrality Proclamation, Jay’s Treaty, and Kentucky and Virginia resolutions
Neutrality Proclamation
Jay’s Treaty
XYZ affair
Kentucky and Virginia resolutions
During its first quarter-century as a nation, one of the major problems facing America was
the rivalry and warfare between France and Britain
Washington’s Neutrality Proclamation clearly illustrated the truism that
self-interest is the basic cement of alliances
The Treaty of Greenville signed in August with the Miami Confederation resulted in all of the following
- giving to the United States vast tracts of land in the Old Northwest
- the Indians receiving a $20,000 lump sum payment
- an annual annuity of $9,000 to the Indians
- the right of the Indians to hunt the land they had ceded
Britain made neutrality very difficult for the United States during the French and British conflicts of the 1790s by
seizing American merchant ships in the West Indies
Hamilton’s position on the war between Britain and France in 1793 was primarily influenced by
the national government’s dependence on customs collections for revenue
In Jay’s Treaty, the British
promised to evacuate the chain of forts in the Old Northwest
The United States acquired free navigation of the Mississippi River, the rights of deposit at New Orleans, and the large disputed territory north of Florida in
the Pinckney Treaty
John Jay’s 1794 treaty with Britain
created deeper splits between Federalists and Democratic-Republicans
One of George Washington’s major contributions as president was
keeping the nation out of foreign wars
Washington’s decision to retire from the presidency in 1797
established a two-term tradition for American presidents
Jay’s Treaty contained all of the following provisions
- a British promise to evacuate its chain of forts on U.S. soil
- British consent to pay damages for the recent seizure of American ships
- that Americans were bound to pay debts still owed to British merchants on pre-Revolutionary accounts
- no promise by the British to pay for future seizure of American ships
Washington’s Farewell Address in 1796
warned against the dangers of permanent foreign alliances
In the election campaign of 1796, the Democratic-Republicans made their primary issue
the terms of Jay’s Treaty and the crushing of the Whiskey Rebellion
