Chapter 10-Launching the New Ship of State, 1789-1800

Question 0

All of the following are accurate description of the young American nation

Answer 0

• its population was still about 90 percent rural, despite the flourishing cities
• the first official census of 1790 recorded almost 4 million people
• all but 5 percent of the people lived east of the Appalachian Mountains
• foreign visitors looked down at the roughness and crudity of the pioneering life

Question 1

When the new government was launched in 1789

Answer 1

the nation’s population was doubling about every twenty-five years

Question 2

Despite the flourishing cities, America’s population was still about ____ percent rural.

Answer 2

90

Question 3

Regarding central authority, early Americans saw it as all of the following

Answer 3

something to be distrusted
something to be watched
something to be curbed
a necessary evil

Question 4

The new Constitution did not provide for the creation of a(n)

Answer 4

cabinet

Question 5

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 5

secretary of state

Question 6

Alexander Hamilton

Answer 6

secretary of treasury

Question 7

Henry Knox

Answer 7

secretary of war

Question 8

John Jay

Answer 8

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

Question 9

One of the major criticisms of the Constitution, as drafted in Philadelphia, was that it

Answer 9

did not provide guarantees for individual rights

Question 10

The Bill of Rights was intended to protect ____ against the potential tyranny of ____.

Answer 10

individual liberties, a strong central government

Question 11

One of the first jobs facing the new government, formed under the Constitution, was to

Answer 11

draw up and pass a bill of rights

Question 12

All of the following are guarantees provided by the Bill of Rights

Answer 12

• freedom of speech
• freedom of religion
• freedom of the press
• right to a trial by jury

Question 13

Which amendment guards against the danger that enumerating rights might lead to the conclusion that they were the only ones protected?

Answer 13

ninth

Question 14

The _____ Amendment might rightly be called the states’ rights amendment.

Answer 14

Tenth

Question 15

All of the following were true of Alexander Hamilton

Answer 15

• he served as the first Secretary of the Treasury
• he would have been president if it were not for his ultraconservatism, a scandalous adultery, and a duelist’s bullet
• his chief rival was Thomas Jefferson
• he claimed that the “British Government was the best in the world”

Question 16

Alexander Hamilton’s financial program for the economic development of the United States favored

Answer 16

the wealthier class

Question 17

Hamilton believed that, together, his funding and assumption programs would

Answer 17

gain the monetary and political support of the rich for the federal government

Question 18

As secretary of the treasury, Alexander Hamilton’s first objective was to

Answer 18

bolster the national credit

Question 19

All of the following were part of Alexander Hamilton’s economic program

Answer 19

• the creation of a national bank
• funding the entire national debt at par
• vigorous foreign trade
• protective tariffs

Question 20

Alexander Hamilton believed that a limited national debt

Answer 20

was beneficial, because people to whom the government owed money would work had to make the nation a success

Question 21

The aspect of Hamilton’s financial program that received the least support in Congress, because of its heavy agriculture and commercial interests, was

Answer 21

a protective tariff

Question 22

Hamilton expected that the revenue to pay the interest on the national debt would come from

Answer 22

customs duties and excise tax

Question 23

Alexander Hamilton’s proposed bank of the United States was

Answer 23

based on the “necessary and proper,” or “elastic,” clause in the Constitution

Question 24

Jefferson’s argument against the constitutionality of a Bank of the United States were based on the strict construction principles, especially embodied in the

Answer 24

Tenth Amendment in the Bill of Rights

Question 25

Hamilton’s major programs seriously infringed on

Answer 25

states’ rights

Question 26

The Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 arose in southwestern Pennsylvania when the federal government

Answer 26

levied an excise tax on whiskey

Question 27

All of the following are true statements about the Whiskey Rebellion

Answer 27

• backcountry pioneer folk saw whiskey not as a luxury but as an economic necessity and medium of exchange
• protesters felt burdened by Hamilton’s economic programs
• protesters erected whiskey poles similar to liberty poles used against the Stamp Act in 1765
• whiskey rebels tarred and feathered revenue officers

Question 28

Alexander Hamilton’s Bank of the United States was modeled on the

Answer 28

Bank of England

Question 29

The Founders had not envisioned the existence of permanent political parties because they

Answer 29

saw them as a sign of disloyalty and lack of national unity

Question 30

Hamilton

Answer 30

• privileges for the upper classes
• pro-British
• potent central government
• government support for business

Question 31

Jefferson

Answer 31

• sympathy for the common people
• pay off the national debt
• pro-French
• universal education

Question 32

Opposition by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison to the financial plan of Alexander Hamilton resulted in

Answer 32

the formation of permanent political parties

Question 33

The event of the 1790s that has left the deepest scar on American political and social life is

Answer 33

the French Revolution

Question 34

The political part of the outs that provided the loyal opposition to the party in power in the 1790s was the

Answer 34

Democratic-Republicans

Question 35

The Franco-American alliance of 1778

Answer 35

bound the United States to help the French defend their possessions in the West Indies

Question 36

The Neutrality Proclamation in 1793

Answer 36

officially proclaimed America’s neutrality in Old World quarrels

Question 37

When the French Revolution developed into a war with Britain, George Washington and the American government

Answer 37

remained neutral

Question 38

Washington’s Neutrality Proclamation of 1793

Answer 38

was based on calculations of American self-interest

Question 39

Arrange the following events in chronological order: XYZ affair, Neutrality Proclamation, Jay’s Treaty, and Kentucky and Virginia resolutions

Answer 39

Neutrality Proclamation
Jay’s Treaty
XYZ affair
Kentucky and Virginia resolutions

Question 40

During its first quarter-century as a nation, one of the major problems facing America was

Answer 40

the rivalry and warfare between France and Britain

Question 41

Washington’s Neutrality Proclamation clearly illustrated the truism that

Answer 41

self-interest is the basic cement of alliances

Question 42

The Treaty of Greenville signed in August with the Miami Confederation resulted in all of the following

Answer 42

• giving to the United States vast tracts of land in the Old Northwest
• the Indians receiving a $20,000 lump sum payment
• an annual annuity of $9,000 to the Indians
• the right of the Indians to hunt the land they had ceded

Question 43

Britain made neutrality very difficult for the United States during the French and British conflicts of the 1790s by

Answer 43

seizing American merchant ships in the West Indies

Question 44

Hamilton’s position on the war between Britain and France in 1793 was primarily influenced by

Answer 44

the national government’s dependence on customs collections for revenue

Question 45

In Jay’s Treaty, the British

Answer 45

promised to evacuate the chain of forts in the Old Northwest

Question 46

The United States acquired free navigation of the Mississippi River, the rights of deposit at New Orleans, and the large disputed territory north of Florida in

Answer 46

the Pinckney Treaty

Question 47

John Jay’s 1794 treaty with Britain

Answer 47

created deeper splits between Federalists and Democratic-Republicans

Question 48

One of George Washington’s major contributions as president was

Answer 48

keeping the nation out of foreign wars

Question 49

Washington’s decision to retire from the presidency in 1797

Answer 49

established a two-term tradition for American presidents

Question 50

Jay’s Treaty contained all of the following provisions

Answer 50

• a British promise to evacuate its chain of forts on U.S. soil
• British consent to pay damages for the recent seizure of American ships
• that Americans were bound to pay debts still owed to British merchants on pre-Revolutionary accounts
• no promise by the British to pay for future seizure of American ships

Question 51

Washington’s Farewell Address in 1796

Answer 51

warned against the dangers of permanent foreign alliances

Question 52

In the election campaign of 1796, the Democratic-Republicans made their primary issue

Answer 52

the terms of Jay’s Treaty and the crushing of the Whiskey Rebellion