Chapter 9 Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Prosocial Behavior

A

Doing something that is good for other people or for society as a whole.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Rule of Law

A

When members of society (including its most powerful leaders) respect and follow its rules.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Reciprocity

A

The obligation to return in kind what another has done for us.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Gratitude

A

A positive emotion that results from the perception that one has benefited from the costly, intentional, voluntary action of another person.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Norms

A

Standards established by society to tell its members what types of behavior are typical or expected.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Equity

A

A norm in which each person receives benefits in proportion to what he or she contributes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Equality

A

A norm in which everyone gets the same amount, regardless of what he or she contributes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sensitivity About Being the Target of a Threatening Upward Social Comparison

A

Interpersonal concern about the consequences of outperforming others.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Underbenefited

A

Getting less than you deserve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Overbenefited

A

Getting more than you deserve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Moral Reasoning

A

Using logical deductions to make moral judgements based on abstract principles of right and wrong

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Moral Intuitions

A

Judgements (about whether an action is right or wrong) that occur automatically and rely on emotional feelings.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cooperation

A

Working together with someone for mutual or reciprocal benefit.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Prisoner’s Dilemma

A

A game that forces people to choose between cooperation and competition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Zero-Sum Game

A

A situation in which one person’s gain is another’s loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Non Zero-Sum Game

A

An interaction in which both participants can win (or lose).

17
Q

Forgiveness

A

Ceasing to feel angry toward or seek retribution against someone who has wronged you.

18
Q

Obedience

A

Following orders from an authority figure

19
Q

Conformity

A

Going along with the crowd, that is, saying or doing whatever others are saying or doing.

20
Q

Trust

A

A confidence that others will provide benefits and/or not harm you, even if they may be tempted to do otherwise

21
Q

Kin Selection

A

The evolutionary tendency to help people who have our genes.

22
Q

Empathy

A

Reacting to another person’s emotional state by experiencing the same emotional state.

23
Q

Egoistic Helping

A

When a helper seeks to increase their own welfare by helping another

24
Q

Altruistic Helping

A

When a helper seeks to increase another’s welfare and expects nothing in return.

25
Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis
The idea that empathy motivates people to reduce other peoples distress, as by helping or comforting
26
Belief in a Just World
The assumption that life is essentially fair, that people generally get what they deserve and deserve what they get.
27
Bystander Effect
The finding that people are less likely to offer help when they are in a group than when they're on their own.
28
Diffusion of Responsibility
The reduction in feeling responsible that occurs when others are present.
29
Audience Inhibition
Failure to help in front of others for fear of feeling like a fool if one's offer of help is rejected.