Chapter 3 Questions

Question 1

Self knowledge is also known as ____ .

Answer 1

self-concept

Question 2

According to self-awareness theory, a self-aware state is ____ .

Answer 2

unpleasant

Question 3

Alcohol has been shown to ____ self-awareness

Answer 3

decrease

Question 4

The presence of a mirror has been shown to ____ self-awareness

Answer 4

increase

Question 5

The night before an important test, Boozer drinks all night instead of studying. This is an example of ____ .

Answer 5

self-handicapping

Question 6

“Do I like parades? Well, each year there have been several parades in town, and I haven’t gone to one yet. I must not like parades.” Which theory explains this internal dialogue?

Answer 6

self-perception theory

Question 7

A teacher promises one of his preschool students a candy bar for finger painting, a task the student loves to do. The reward is likely to produce ____ .

Answer 7

The over-justification effect

Question 8

The simple desire to learn the truth about oneself is called the ____ motive

Answer 8

appraisal

Question 9

The finding that we recall information better when it is relevant to the self is called ____ .

Answer 9

self-reference theory

Question 10

When she visited San Francisco, Leticia bought several handcrafted necklaces for $10 each. When she got home, her sister Laura offered to buy one for $10, but Leticia refused. She wanted $15 for it instead. This example illustrates the ____ effect.

Answer 10

endowment

Question 11

During the Korean War, the Chinese found it easier to brainwash American prisoners when ____ .

Answer 11

the prisoners were kept seperate

Question 12

When a bad event happens to a person, if it is extremely unpleasant, people remember it as being ____ , and if it was mildly unpleasant, people remember it as being ____ .

Answer 12

worse than it was; better than it was

Question 13

A person’s overall self-evaluation or sense of self-worth constitutes their ____ .

Answer 13

self-esteem

Question 14

Depressed people ____ how favorably other people regard them, whereas normal people ____ how favorably other people regard them

Answer 14

estimate accurately; overestimate

Question 15

Which of the following is a positive illusion that people hold?

A. People overestimate their strengths and underestimate their faults

B. People overestimate their perceived control over events

C. People are unrealistically optimistic

D. All of the above

Answer 15

D. All of the above

Question 16

When Frank does well on a test, he claims responsibility for the success, but when he does poorly on a test, he denies responsibility and blames his professor for writing a difficult test with ambiguous items. This is an example of ____ .

Answer 16

self-serving bias

Question 17

The comedian Billy Crystal used to say, “It is more important to look good than to feel good!” This concern with looking good to others is called ____ .

Answer 17

self-presentation

Question 18

John is a young gang member who wants to look tough to his fellow gang members. This concern about looking tough is called ____ .

Answer 18

self-presentation

Question 19

Self-presentation concerns often influence people to engage in ____ actions than they would otherwise engage in.

Answer 19

riskier

Question 20

People tend to furnish a very positive image of themselves, unless circumstances dictate otherwise. This tendency is called ____ .

Answer 20

automatic egotism