Chapter 10 Terms

Question 1

Aggression

Answer 1

Any behavior intended to harm another person who is motivated to avoid the harm.

Question 2

Displaced Aggression

Answer 2

Any behavior that intentionally harms a substitute target rather than the provocateur.

Question 3

Direct Aggression

Answer 3

Any behavior that intentionally harms another person is who is physically present.

Question 4

Indirect Aggression

Answer 4

Any behavior that intentionally harms another person who is physically absent.

Question 5

Reactive Aggression

Answer 5

(also called hostile, affective, emotional, angry, impulsive, or retaliatory aggression) “hot,” impulsive, angry behavior motivated by a desire to harm someone.

Question 6

Proactive Aggression

Answer 6

(also called instrumental aggression) “cold”, or premeditated, calculated harmful behavior that is a means to some practical or material end.

Question 7

Bullying

Answer 7

Persistent aggression by a perpetrator against a victim for the purpose of establishing a power relationship over the victim.

Question 8

Cyberbullying

Answer 8

The use of the internet (e.g., email, social network sites, blogs) to bully others.

Question 9

Violence

Answer 9

Aggression that has as it’s goal extreme physical harm, such as injury or death.

Question 10

Antisocial Behavior

Answer 10

Behavior that either damages interpersonal relationships or is culturally undesirable.

Question 11

Instinct

Answer 11

An innate (inborn, biologically programmed) tendency to seek a particular goal, such as food, water, or sex.

Question 12

Eros

Answer 12

In Freudian theory, the constructive, life-giving instinct.

Question 13

Thanatos

Answer 13

In Freudian theory, the destructive death instinct.

Question 14

Modeling

Answer 14

Observing and copying or imitating the behavior of others.

Question 15

Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis

Answer 15

Proposal that “the occurrence of aggressive behavior always presupposes the existence of frustration,” and “the existence of frustration always leads to some form of aggression”

Question 16

Frustration

Answer 16

Agitation caused by the blockage of or interference with a personal goal

Question 17

Appetitive Aggression

Answer 17

Aggression that is motivated, in part or whole, by an intrinsic enjoyment of the aggressive act.

Question 18

Desensitization

Answer 18

A physiological process that occurs when emotional reactions to a stimulus decrease following repeated exposure to it.

Question 19

Hostile Attribution Bias

Answer 19

The tendency to perceive ambiguous actions by others as aggressive.

Question 20

Hostile Perception Bias

Answer 20

The tendency to perceive social interactions in general as being aggressive.

Question 21

Hostile Expectation Bias

Answer 21

The tendency to assume that people will react to potential conflicts with aggression.