Chapter 9: TCP/IP Applications Flashcards

1
Q

Session

A

A logical stream of data flowing between two programs over a network.

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2
Q

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

A
  • Enables connection-oriented communication in networks that use the TCP/IP protocol suite.
  • Most common type of session
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3
Q

TCP Three-Way Handshake

A

A three-packet conversation between TCP hosts to establish and start a data transfer session.

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4
Q

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

A

Used for the type of sessions that don’t require the overhead of connection-oriented traffic.

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5
Q

Port and Session Type of DHCP

A
Port 67 (server) and port 68 (client)
UDP
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6
Q

Network Time Protocol (NTP)

A

Synchronizes the clocks of devices on a network.

UDP port 123

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7
Q

Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)

A

Enables you to transfer files from one machine to another.

UDP port 69

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8
Q

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

A
  • Used to handle many low level functions such as error reporting.
  • Usually request and response pairs
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9
Q

What kind of packets does ping send?

A

ICMP

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10
Q

What is the packet called that ping sends out? The one that comes back?

A

Echo request, Echo reply

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11
Q

If your computer has no route to the address listed, ping will display _________.

A

Destination Host Unreachable

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12
Q

If you ping a device and no echo reply comes back before the 1-second default time, ping will respond with _______.

A

Request Timed Out

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13
Q

Ping of Death

A

A ping that allowed malicious users to send malformed ping packets to your computer and make it crash.

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14
Q

Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)

A

Enables routers to communicate with hosts to determine a “group” membership for multicasting.

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15
Q

What is the subnet that multicast addresses use?

A

224.0.0.0/4

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16
Q

Well-known Port Numbers

A

0-1023

Reserved for specific TCP/IP applications

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17
Q

Ephemeral Ports

A

1024-5000
An arbitrary number generated by a sending computer that the receiving computer uses as a destination address when sending a return packet.

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18
Q

Dynamic/Private Port Numbers

A

49152-65535

Recommended by IANA to use as ephemeral port numbers

19
Q

Registered Ports

A

1024-49151

The IANA assigns these ports for anyone to use for their application

20
Q

Socket

A

A combination of a port number and an IP address that uniquely identifies a connection.

21
Q

Endpoints

A

The term used when discussing the data each computer stores about the connection between two computers’ TCP/IP applications.

22
Q

netstat

A

Shows you the list of endpoints you have connections with.

23
Q

netstat -a

A

Tells netstat to show all used ports

24
Q

netstat -n

A

Tells netstat to show raw port #’s and IP addresses.

25
Q

netstat -o

A

Tells netstat to show the process ID

26
Q

netstat -b

A

Shows the name of the running program

27
Q

Open Port

A

A socket that is prepared to respond to any IP packets destined for that socket’s port number.

28
Q

Established Port

A

Active, working endpoint

29
Q

close_wait

A

Implies that a graceful closure is happening, i.e. each side see the session closing normally

30
Q

time_wait

A

Means a connection has been lost and is waiting a defined amount of time called a timeout period.

31
Q

ps

A

Linux command that shows process IDs

32
Q

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

A

Defines what actions Web servers and browsers should take in response to various commands.
TCP port 80

33
Q

Web Server

A
  • A computer that delivers Web pages.

- Listen on port 80

34
Q

Internet Information Services (IIS)

A
  • Microsoft’s Web server program for managing Web servers.

- Enables you to set a max connection limit on your Web server based on available bandwidth and memory

35
Q

Apache HTTP Server

A

The web server that most UNIX/Linux based operating systems use.

36
Q

What are the three qualities of a secure Internet application?

A

1) Authentication
2) Encryption
3) Nonrepudiation:Process of making sure data came from the person or entity it was supposed to come from.

37
Q

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)

A

A protocol developed for transmitting private documents over the Internet

38
Q

HTTPS

A
  • The secure form of HTTP

- TCP Port 443

39
Q

Telnet

A
  • The first protocol invented to connect remotely to another computer.
  • TCP Port 23
40
Q

Secure Shell (SSH)

A

Like Telnet, but encrypted.

-TCP Port 22

41
Q

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

A

Used by email clients to send messages

TCP Port 25

42
Q

Post Office Protocol version 3 (POP3)

A

Used to receive mail

TCP Port 110

43
Q

Internet Message Access Protocol version 4 (IMAP4)

A

Preferred alternative to POP3 for receiving mail

TCP Port 143

44
Q

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

A

-The original protocol for transferring files on the Internet.
-Not encrypted
TCP port 20/21