Chapter 17: Building a Real-World Network

Question 1

Campus Area Network (CAN)

Answer 1

A network installed in a medium-sized space spanning multiple buildings.

Question 2

What should you put in your list of requirements?

Answer 2

• Define the network’s needs
• Why are you installing this network?
• What primary features do you need?

Question 3

Device Types/Requirements

Answer 3

• What equipment do you need?

- How should you organize the network?

Question 4

Environment Limitations

Answer 4

• What sort of buildings do you need to work with?

- Do you have access to walls or ceilings?

Question 5

Equipment Limitations

Answer 5

Are you using existing equipment, applications, or cabling?

Question 6

Compatibility Requirements

Answer 6

What sort of compatibility issues do you have between old and new devices?

Question 7

Wired/Wireless Considerations

Answer 7

What type of structured cabling do you need?
Does this network need wireless?
How do you connect to the Internet?

Question 8

Security Considerations

Answer 8

How will you deal with computer, data, and network security?

Question 9

Network Design

Answer 9

Quantifies the equipment, operating systems, and applications used by the network.

Question 10

How should you decide on your OS?

Answer 10

Based on the applications you want and the workers’ preference.

Question 11

What are Peripherals?

Answer 11

Printers, scanners, fax machines, etc.

Question 12

Which devices should have static IP addresses?

Answer 12

Servers and WAPs

Question 13

Metro Ethernet

Answer 13

A MAN based on the Ethernet Standard

Question 14

Unified Communication (UC)

Answer 14

A system that rolls many different network services into one.

Question 15

Unified Voice Services

Answer 15

Complete, self-contained Internet services that rely on nothing more than software installed on computers and the computers’ microphone/speakers to provide voice telecommunication over the Internet. (Skype)

Question 16

Presence Info

Answer 16

Technology enabling users to show they are present and capable of accepting other forms of communication

Question 17

Video Teleconferencing

Answer 17

The classic, multicast-based presentation where one presenter pushes out a stream of video to any number of clients.

Question 18

Real-Time Video

Answer 18

Communication that offers both audio and video via unicast messages.

Question 19

UC Device

Answer 19

Used to handle voice, video, and more.

Question 20

UC Server

Answer 20

Typically a dedicated box that supports any UC-provided service.

Question 21

UC Gateway

Answer 21

An edge device used to add extra services to an edge router.

Question 22

What are the two main protocols used by UC?

Answer 22

Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
and
Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP)

Question 23

H.323

Answer 23

• A VoIP standard that handles the initiation, setup, and delivery of VoIP sessions
• Port 1720

Question 24

Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP)

Answer 24

A protocol that is designed to be a complete VoIP or video presentation connection and session controller.
-TCP ports 2427/2727

Question 25

Medianet

Answer 25

A network of far-flung routers and servers that provide sufficient bandwidth for VTC via QoS

Question 26

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

Answer 26

• Defines a digital method for telephone communications.
• ISDN lines have telephone numbers and support up to 128-Kbps transfer rates
• Allows data and voice to share a common line

Question 27

H.320

Answer 27

A standard that uses multiple ISDN channels to transport video teleconferencing over a network.

Question 28

Differential Services (DiffServ)

Answer 28

The underlying architecture that makes QoS work.

Question 29

Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN)

Answer 29

A 2-bit field where QoS-aware devices can place a “congestion encountered” signal to other QoS-aware devices.

Question 30

Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP)

Answer 30

6-bit field following the ECN, together indicating the Class of Service

Question 31

Industrial Control System (ICS)

Answer 31

The overall system that monitors and controls machines.

Question 32

3 Components of ICS

Answer 32

1) Input/Output Functions: Work through sensors and activation
2) Controller
3) Interface

Question 33

Distributed Control System (DCS)

Answer 33

A small controller added directly to a machine used to distribute the computing load.

Question 34

Human Machine Interface (HMI)

Answer 34

In a DCS, a computer or set of controls that exists between a controller and a human operator.

Question 35

Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)

Answer 35

A computer that controls a machine according to a set of ordered steps.

Question 36

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)

Answer 36

A system that has the basic components of a DCS, yet is designed for large-scale, distributed processes and functions with the idea that remote devices may or may not have ongoing communication with the central cloud.

Question 37

Remote Terminal Unit (RTU)

Answer 37

In a SCADA environment, has the same functions as a controller plus additional autonomy to deal with connection loss.

Question 38

What is the purpose of network segmentation?

Answer 38

Security, performance optimization, load balancing, and compliance.

Question 39

Segmentation at Layer 1

Answer 39

Physically separating your network from every other network. (Known as an air gap)

Question 40

Segmentation at Layer 2

Answer 40

Separating a physically connected network into separate broadcast domains.
VLANs

Question 41

Segmentation at Layer 3

Answer 41

Separating broadcast domains by blocking IP routes.

Question 42

Segmentation above Layer 3

Answer 42

VPNs, separate SSIDs, separate Windows domains, virtualization.

Question 43

Closed network

Answer 43

Any network that strictly controls who and what may connect to it.