Chapter 10: Network Naming

Question 1

Name Resolution

Answer 1

Converts computer names to IP addresses and vice versa.

Question 2

Domain Name System (DNS)

Answer 2

The dominant name resolution protocol.

UDP port 53 usually, sometimes TCP port 53

Question 3

NetBT

Answer 3

• Runs NetBIOS on top of TCP/IP, allowing Microsoft naming services to operate on a TCP/IP network without the need for DNS services.
• TCP ports 137/139

Question 4

NetBIOS

Answer 4

A protocol that creates and manages connections based on the names of the computers involved.

Question 5

NetBEUI

Answer 5

• Microsoft’s first networking protocol designed to work with NetBIOS.
• Did not support routing

Question 6

hosts file

Answer 6

• A static text file that resides on a computer and is used to resolve DNS host names to IP addresses.
• Always checked first

Question 7

DNS Root Servers

Answer 7

The highest in the hierarchy of DNS servers running the Internet.

Question 8

Top-Level Domain (TLD) Servers

Answer 8

• The servers that hand the TLD names (com, org, net, edu, etc.)
• Delegate work down to one more level of DNS servers (like our name servers).

Question 9

What is the maximum length of a DNS name?

Answer 9

255 characters

Question 10

DNS Hierarchical Name Space

Answer 10

An imaginary tree structure of all possible names that could be used within a single system.

Question 11

Is DNS case-sensitive?

Answer 11

NO

Question 12

Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN)

Answer 12

A complete DNS name.

Question 13

DNS server

Answer 13

A computer running DNS server software

Question 14

Zone

Answer 14

A container for a single domain that gets filled with records

Question 15

Record

Answer 15

A line in the zone data that maps an FQDN to an IP address.

Question 16

Authoritative Name Server

Answer 16

DNS server that holds the IP addresses and names of systems for a particular domain or domains.

Question 17

In Linux, what file contains DNS server info?

Answer 17

/etc/resolv.conf

Question 18

In Windows, how can you see your current DNS server settings?

Answer 18

ipconfig /all

Question 19

BIND

Answer 19

The most popular DNS server management tool in UNIX/Linux systems

Question 20

Cache-Only DNS Servers

Answer 20

DNS servers that do not have any forward lookup zones. They resolve the names of systems on the Internet for the network, but are not responsible for telling other DNS servers the names of any clients.

Question 21

Forward Lookup Zone

Answer 21

The storage area in a DNS server to store the IP addresses and names of systems for a particular domain or domains.

Question 22

Start of Authority (SOA)

Answer 22

Defines the single DNS server in charge of the forward lookup zone.

Question 23

NS records

Answer 23

All of the DNS servers for the domain

Question 24

A records

Answer 24

The IPv4 addresses and names of all the systems on the domain.

Question 25

Canonical Name (CNAME) record

Answer 25

Creates an alias

Question 26

MX records

Answer 26

Used exclusively by SMTP servers to determine where to send mail.

Question 27

AAAA records

Answer 27

The IPv6 addresses and names

Question 28

Primary Zones

Answer 28

Forward lookup zones created on the authoritative name server.

Question 29

Secondary Zones

Answer 29

Forward Lookup Zones created on other name servers to act as backups.

Question 30

Reverse Lookup Zone

Answer 30

Enables a system to determine an FQDN by knowing the IP address

Question 31

Pointer Record (PTR)

Answer 31

A record that points IP addresses to host names

Question 32

Server Message Block (SMB)

Answer 32

Protocol used by Microsoft clients and servers to share file and print resources

Question 33

DNS domains that are not on the Internet should use the top-level name _______.

Answer 33

.local

Question 34

Windows workgroup

Answer 34

A name that organizes a group of computers

Question 35

Windows domain

Answer 35

A group of computers controlled by a computer running Windows Server which is configured as a domain controller

Question 36

Windows Active Directory

Answer 36

An organization of related computers that shares one or more Windows domains.

Question 37

Active-Directory-Integrated Zone

Answer 37

A zone in which all domain controllers (DNS servers) are equal. (No authoritative)

Question 38

DNS Suffix

Answer 38

Helps DHCP clients access network resources more efficiently by letting them know the name of the DNS domain to which they belong

Question 39

Dynamic DNS (DDNS)

Answer 39

Enables DNS servers to get automatic updates of IP addresses of computers in their forward lookup zones, mainly by talking to the DHCP server

Question 40

Command to force a DNS server to update its records

Answer 40

ipconfig /registerdns

Question 41

DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC)

Answer 41

An authentication and authorization protocol designed to prevent bad guys from impersonating legitimate DNS servers

Question 42

The first clue that there is a DNS problem is the ____________ error.

Answer 42

“server not found”

Question 43

Command to eliminate any DNS caches on a Windows system

Answer 43

ipconfig /flushdns

Question 44

Steps in Diagnosing TCP/IP Networks

Answer 44

1) Diagnose the NIC
2) Check the NIC’s driver
3) Diagnose locally (ping neighboring systems by both domain name and IP address)
4) Check IP address and subnet mask
5) Run netstat
6) Run netstat -s
7) Diagnose to the gateway
8) Diagnose to the Internet