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GPSYC 160 > Chapter 9: Social and Emotional Development > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Social and Emotional Development Flashcards

1
Q

what are feelings?

A

feeling or “affect”

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2
Q

feelings include…?

A

-physiological arousal (fast heartbeat)
-conscious experience (positive/negative)
-behavioral expressions (smile, run)
ex/ alone-someone comes in…(visualizing speaking)

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3
Q

What are emotions influenced by?

A

biological foundations

ex/ blind from birth- still smile and frown

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4
Q

Facial Expressions of basic emotions

A

same across cultures

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5
Q

Emotion display rules

A

when, where, and how emotions should be expressed

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6
Q

are display rules culturally universal?

A

no

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7
Q

Reflexive Smile (Infant Smile)

A

does not occur in response to external stimuli; happens during the MONTH AFTER BIRTH, usually during irregular patterns of sleep

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8
Q

social smile (infant smile)

A

response to external stimulus; typically in response to a face (2-3 months usually)

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9
Q

Early Development changes in Emotion

A

…

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10
Q

Primary Emotions

A

-present in humans appear in FIRST SIX MONTHS of life

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11
Q

***Fake smiling!

A

-brain cannot tell difference between a real and fake smile
-the same neurotransmitters are produced in the brains (endorphins, serotonin)
“smile you will feel better”

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12
Q

Self Conscious Emotions

A

require cognition; appear for the first time from the middle of the second year through the middle of the third year of life

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13
Q

Pride

A

pleasure or satisfaction taken in an achievement, possession, or associated

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14
Q

Shame

A

(guild, embarrassment, unworthiness, disgrace)

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15
Q

Temperament

A

individuals behavioral style and characteristic way of emotional response
- biological and emotional foundations of PERSONALITY

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16
Q

Biological Foundations of Temperament

A

physiological characteristics are associated with different temperaments

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17
Q

Heredity is an aspect of…?

A

biological foundations of temperament

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18
Q

Classifying Temperament (chess and thomas)

A
  • easy
  • difficult
  • slow to warm up
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19
Q

easy (40%)

A
  • 40%

- positive mood; quickly establishes routines; adapts easily to new experiences

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20
Q

difficult (10%)

A

-reacts negatively; cries fequently; engages in irregular routinesl slow to accept new experiences

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21
Q

slow to warm up (15%)

A

low activity level; somewhat negative; shows low adaptability

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22
Q

Classifying Temperament (kagans behavioral inhibition)

A

differences between children

  • shy, subdued, and timid
  • sociable extraverted, bold
  • inhibition shows considerable stability from infancy through EARLY childhood
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23
Q

Biological Basis of Shyness and Sociability

A

-in shy, inhibited children, MINIMAL stimulation is necessary to excite the amygdala and its connections to the cerebral cortex (top of brain the we oxyinate)
childrren

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24
Q

Biological basis of shyness and sociability (social, uninhibited children)

A

the SAME level of stimulation from above, evokes minimal excitation in the high excitation in the highly social, uninhibited children

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25
Q

Shy infants and preschoolers frontal brain activity?

A

they display greater RIGHT frontal brain activity

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26
Q

Sociable children display greater ____ brain activty?

A

LEFT frontal

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27
Q

What is the left cortial hemisphere specialized to respond to?

A

-positive emotion

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28
Q

What is the right hemisphere associated with>

A

-negative emotion

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29
Q

Biology is not necessarily _____?

A

destiny

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30
Q

Goodness of Fit

A

-match between child’s temperament and environmental demands

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31
Q

Temperament and Adaptive Parenting

A
  • pay attention and respect child’s individuality
  • structure childs environment to provide as good a fit as possible with childs temperament
  • avoid labeling a child as “difficult” (self-full filling prophesy)
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32
Q

introversion

A

reserved, quiet, shy behavior

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33
Q

extroversion

A

outgoing, talkative, energetic behavior

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34
Q

Shyness vs. Introversion

A
  • shyness is about fear of social judgement

- introversion is about HOW you respond to stimulation (including social stimulation)

35
Q

Attachment

A

close emotional bond between two people

36
Q

Freud’s Theory of attachment?

A

-infants become attached to the person or object that provides oral satisfaction (feed them-> attached)

37
Q

Harlow Study?

A

infant monkey feed from wire surrogates, but spend the most time with cloth surrogates

  • NEED LOVE
  • refutes Freuds theory
38
Q

Eriksons theory of attachment?

A

-first year of life is key time for development of attachment (trust/mistrust)

39
Q

Bowlbys theory of attachment?

A

-also stresses importance of attachment in first year, as well as responsiveness of caregiver (similar to Erikson)

40
Q

Importance of Touch

A

-orphanages romania

41
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder

A

(related to early neglect/abuse)

42
Q

Development of fear in infants

A

…

43
Q

stranger anxiety

A

infants fear and wariness of strangers (8-9 months)

-normal stage of developement

44
Q

separation protest

A

-infants distress to being separated from caregiver (peaks at 15 months)

45
Q

Social Referencing

A
  • “reading” emotional cues in others to help determine how to act in a particular situation
  • second yr of like- infants 14-22 months old were more likely to look at mothers face as a source of info for how to act in a situation
46
Q

“The Strange Situation”

A

-Mary Ainsworth’s measure of infant attachment to caregiver
-requires infants to move through a series of introductions, separations, and reunions
(secure attachment)

47
Q

Attachment Categories

A

(4 of them)

48
Q

securely attached

A

-caregiver is secure base to explore environment from

49
Q

insecure avoidant

A

-shows insecurity by avoiding the caregiver

50
Q

insecure resistant

A

-clings to caregiver, then resists by fighting against the closeness

51
Q

insecure disorganized

A

-shows insecurity by being disorganized, disorientated

52
Q

Caregiving styles and attachment classification

A

category and caregiver behavior

53
Q

secure

A

caregiver is sensitive to signals and available to infant

54
Q

insecure avoidant

A

unavailable or neglecting

55
Q

insecure resistant

A

inconsistent (alcoholic)

56
Q

insecure disorganized

A

neglect or physical abuse

57
Q

The significance of attachment

A

…

58
Q

Ainsworth

A

secure attachment in first year provides important foundation for psychological development

59
Q

BUT…(kagan)

A

some developmentalists believe too much emphasis is placed on attachment bond in infancy
-(ignores diversity of socializing agents and contexts that exists in an infant’s world)

60
Q

“It is better to raise a child than…._______”

A

fix an aduly

61
Q

Adolescence attachment to parents

A

4 categories

62
Q

secure attachment

A

to both parents positively related to peer and friendship relations

63
Q

dismissing/avoidant attachment

A

de-emphasive importance due to caregiver rejection

64
Q

preoccupied/ambivalent attachment

A

insecure adolescent due to inconsistent parenting “I miss my daddy outfits”

65
Q

unresolved/disorganized attachment

A

insecure adolescent, high fear due to traumatic experiences (abuse, etc)

66
Q

Socioemotional Selectivity Theory

A
  • older adults more selective about their networkd
  • place high value on emotional satisfaction and maximize positive emotional experiences
  • spend more time with familiar individuals providing rewarding relationships
  • seek more emotion-related goals than knowledge-related goals
67
Q

Teens still need us

A

-latch-key teens lead to teen drug use and teen pregnancy between (3-6 PM)

68
Q

TEXTBOOK

A

…

69
Q

amygdala (brains temporal lobe) and emotions

A

-provides link between perception of an emotions- producing stimulus and later memory of that stimulus

70
Q

Emotional Self-regulation

A

capability to adjust ones emotions to a desired state and level of intensity (adolescnece)

71
Q

disengagement theory

A

the period in late adulthood that marks a gradual withdrawal from the world on physical, psychological, and social levels

72
Q

activity theory

A

successful aging occurs when people maintain the interests, activities, and social interactions with which they were involved during middle age

73
Q

continuity theory

A

people need to maintain their desired level of involvement in society in order to maximize their sense of well-being and self-esteem

74
Q

personality

A

sum total of enduring characteristics that differentiate one individual from another

75
Q

temperament

A

patterns of arousal and emotionality that are consistent and enduring characteristics of an individual

76
Q

erikson autonomy vs. shame and doubt stage

A

(18 months to 3 years) develop independence and autonomy if they are allowed freedom to explore, or shame and self doubt if they are restricted and overprotected

77
Q

Erikson- initiative vs. guilt stage

A

3-6 years experience conflict between independence of action and sometimes negative results of that action

78
Q

industry vs. inferiority stage

A

(6-12 yrs) focus on efforts to attain competence in meeting the challenges presented by parents, peers, school, and the other complexities of the modern world

79
Q

identity vs. identity confusion stage

A

teenagers seek to determine what is unique and distinctive about themselves

80
Q

intimacy vs. isolation stage

A

period of post adolescence into the early 30’s that focuses on developing close relationships with others

81
Q

generativity vs stagnation stage

A

middle adulthood in which people consider contributions to family and society

82
Q

ego-integrity vs despair stage

A

final stage of life, process of looking back over one’s life, evaluating it and coming to terms with it

83
Q

Big five personality Traits (OCEAN)

A

Openness
Conscientiousness (organized and responsible)
Extraversion (how outgoing or shy)
Agreeableness
Neuroticism (moody, anxious, and self-critical)

GPSYC 160 (10 decks)

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