Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GPSYC 160 > Chapter 1: Orientation to Lifespan Development > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Orientation to Lifespan Development Flashcards

1
Q

Louise Brown

A

Worlds first test tube baby

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Developmentalists study?

A

how our biological inheritance and environments affect behavior, personality, and potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Lifespan Development

A

pattern of change that begins at conception and continues throughout life until death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

TOPIC AREAS IN LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT

A

Physical, Cognitive, Personality, Social

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

physical development

A

examining ways in which the bodys makeup and need for food and drink and sleep helps determine behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

cognitive development

A

how growth and change in intelectual capabilites influence a persons behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

personality development

A

stabiliyu and change in characteristics that differentiate one person from another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

social development

A

individuals interactions and relationships with others grow, change and remain stable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Views of Child development- original sin view

A

children born into world corrupted with inclination toward evil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Views of Child Development- tabla rasa view

A

children born as “blank slate” and aquire characteristics through experience (Locke)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Views of Child Development- innate goodness view

A

children born inherently good (Rousseau)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Adult Development- Lifespan

A

approx 120 years for humans (has not changed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Adult Development- Life Expectancy

A

of years person expected to live on average when born in a particular year (changes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

LIFESPAN PERSPECTIVE

A

_

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

lifelong

A

conception to dealth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

multidimensional

A

biological, cognitive, socioemotional components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

multidirectional

A

gains and losses at each stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

plasticity

A

(stability/change)- degree to which early traits and characteristics persist through life or change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

multidisciplinary

A

takes into account disciples (physcholoy, anthropology, biology, etc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

contextual

A

influencd by social, historical, cultural contexts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

INFLUENCES OF DEVELOPMENT

A

..

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

normative AGE(graded influences)

A

biological and environmental influences similar for individuals in a particular age group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

normative HISTORY(graded influences)

A

biological and environmental influences assoiciated with history

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

cohort (history graded influence)

A

group of people born around the same time in which they live. Social events have similar influences on members of particular cohort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

non-normative life events

A

unusual occurrences that have a major impact on a person’s life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

sociocultural graded influences

A

social and cultural factors present at a particular time for a particular individual, depending on ethnicity, social class, subcultural membership

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

DEVELOPMENTAL ISSUES

A

…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

…

A

Extent to which development is influenced by biology (nature) and by the environment (nurture)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

….

A

Extent development involves gradual, cumulative change (continuity) or distinct stages (discontinuity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Nature and Nuture

A

nature- influenced by biology, genes, heredity
nurture- environment, learning experiences
Interactionist view: nature and nurture interact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

stability and change

A

.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

continuity and discontinuity

A

gradual, cumulative change, building on previous levels QUANTITATIVE (cont)
distinct stages, QUALITATIVE different from behavior at earlier stages (discont)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

CONCEPTIONS OF AGE

A

…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

chronological age

A

number of years elapsed since person’s birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

biological age

A

age in terms of biological health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

psychological age

A

individuals adaptive capacities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

social age

A

social roles and expectations related to person’s age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT

A

…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

prenatal

A

conception to birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

infancy and toddlerhood

A

birth to 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

preschool period

A

3-6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

middle and late childhood

A

6-12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

adolescence

A

12-20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

young adulthood

A

20-40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

middle adulthood

A

40-60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

late adulthood

A

60+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

critical period

A

specific time during development when a particular event has greatest consequences(stimuli needed to proceed normally)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

sensitive period

A

organisms are susceptible to certain kinds of stimuli in their environments, BUT absence of stimuli does not always produce irreversible consequences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

maturation

A

predetermined unfolding of genetic information (nature)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

fixation

A

behavior reflecting earlier stage of development due to unresolved conflict

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

theory

A

coherent set of ideas that helps to explain data and make predictions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

paradigms

A

ways of thinking; ways of framing thinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORIES

A

development depends primarily on unconsious mind…emotion, behavior is surface characteristic, analyza symbolic meaning of behavior, early experiences important in development
behavior motivated by inner forces, memories, and conflicts beyond peoples awareness or control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

freuds psychosexual (analytic) theory

A

id, ego, superego

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

id

A

“pleasure principle”, born with, satisfy demands of libido(sexual energy),max please and minimize pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

ego

A

“reality principle” 2-3, intergrate into society, socially acceptable, compromise with id

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

superego

A

“morality principle” perfect human, shoulding, right and wrong, 5-6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

freuds psychosexual theory

A

pleasure and gratification focused on particular biological function and body part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

oral

A

12-18 month sucking biting eating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

anal

A

up to three years, potty training

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

phallic

A

3 to 5-6 years, interest in genitals, same sex parents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

latency

A

5-6 to adolescence, gaining friendship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

genital

A

adolescence to adulthood, sexual energy and relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

ERIKSONS PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY

A

8 stages of development
unique task confronts individuals with crisis to be resolved
positive resolution of crisis builds foundations for healthy development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

infancy

A

trust vs. mistrust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

toddlerhood

A

autonomy vs. shame and doubt (do yourself)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

early childhood

A

initiative vs. guilt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

middle/late childhood

A

industry vs. inferiority (sense of competence, no sense of mastery)

68
Q

adolescence

A

identity vs. identity confusion

69
Q

early adulthood

A

intimacy vs. isolation (sexual relationships)

70
Q

middle adulthood

A

generativity vs. stagnation (contribution to continuity of life)

71
Q

late adulthood

A

integrity vs. despair (did right thing, life was a waste)

72
Q

BEHAVIOR THEORIES

A

behavior observed and external

73
Q

classical conditioning(pair UCS/CS)

A

)- type of learning in which an organism responds to a neutral stimulus that normally does not bring about that type of response

74
Q

Pavlovs experiment

A

dog food (UCS) saliva (UCR and CR) and bell (CS)

75
Q

Watson’s experiment

A

UCS- loud noise
UCR- fear
CS- rat
CR- fear

76
Q

operant conditioning

A

skinner- development consists of patterns of behavior change that is brought by rewards and punishments

77
Q

social-cognitive theories

A

behavior, environment, and person/cognition are important development factors

78
Q

bandura (social cognitive theory)

A

observational learning, imitation/modeling

79
Q

COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE

A

approach that focuses on the processes that allow people to know, understand, and think about the world (internal)

80
Q

piagets theory of cognitive development

A
  • quantity of information increases at each stage, and quality of knowledge and understanding changes as well. Human thinking arranged into schemes
    each stage, distinct way of thinking
81
Q

organization/assimilation

A

organize experiences to make sense of them

82
Q

adaptation/ accommodation

A

adapt thinking to include new ideas

83
Q

piagets four stages

A

sensorimotor
preoperational
concrete operational
formal operational

84
Q

*information processing approaches

A

models that seek to identify the ways individuals take in, use, and store information

85
Q

*neo-piagetian theory

A

cognition made up of different types of individual skills…cognitive development proceeds quickly in certain areas and more slowly in others…experience plays a greater role

86
Q

cognitive neuroscience approaches

A

approaches that examine cognitive development through the lens of brain processes
• seek to identify actual locations and functions of brain related to different types of cognitive activity

87
Q

HUMANISTICE PERSPECTIVE(not major impact on lifespan dev field)

A

people have a natural capacity to make decisions about their lives and control their body FREE WILL: make choices and come to decisions about their lives instead of relying on societal standards

88
Q

Self-actualization (Rogers and Maslow)

A

state of self-fulfillment in which people achieve their highest potential in their own unique way
Rogers (need positive regard to be loved and respected) how others view us

89
Q

CONTEXTUAL THEORIES

A

development viewed in terms of interrelationships (between individuals and their physical, cognitive, personality, and social worlds), brofen, vygotsky

90
Q

BioEcological Approach (Bronfenbrenner)

A

influenced by five environmental systems

91
Q

Ecological Theory- 5

A

MICROSYSTEM- immediate environment (family, peers, schools, neighborhood)
MESOSYSTEM- relationships among mico(family to school, school to church)
EXOSYSTEM- experience in other social settings (not active role but still influenced by it, media,)
MACROSYSTEM- culture (all systems embedded here, type of gov, religion, political values)
CHRONOSYSTEM- over time (environmental events, woman working outside home)

92
Q

Sociocultural Cognitive Theory- Vygotsky

A

culture and social interaction guide cognitive development, knowledge is “collaborative”- social interaction with more skilled adults and peers advances cognitive development

93
Q

EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE

A

theory that seeks to identify behavior that is a result of our genetic inheritance from our ancestors

94
Q

ethological theory (Lorenz)

A

strongly influenced by biology, tied to evolutions, critical and sensitive periods
(baby geese attached to first moving object)

95
Q

eclectic theoretical orientation

A

does not follow any one approach
selects based on situation the best in each theory
“toolbox of theories”

96
Q

scientific method

A

process of posing and answering questions using careful controlled techniques that include systematic, orderly observation and the collection of data

97
Q

METHODS FOR COLLECTING DATA

A

OBSERVATION (laboratory- controlled setting, naturalistic observation-observing behavior in real world setting)
SURVEY AND INTERVIEW
STANDARDIZED TEST- uniform procedures for administration and scoring
PSYCHOPHYSICAL
CASE STUDY (indepth look at individual)
LIFE HISTORY RECORD ( what person was like growing up)

98
Q

EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE

A

theory that seeks to identify behavior that is a result of our genetic inheritance from our ancestors

99
Q

ethological theory (Lorenz)

A

strongly influenced by biology, tied to evolutions, critical and sensitive periods
(baby geese attached to first moving object)

100
Q

eclectic theoretical orientation

A

does not follow any one approach
selects based on situation the best in each theory
“toolbox of theories”

101
Q

scientific method

A

process of posing and answering questions using careful controlled techniques that include systematic, orderly observation and the collection of data

102
Q

METHODS FOR COLLECTING DATA

A

OBSERVATION (laboratory- conttolled setting, naturalistic observation-observing behavior in real world setting)
SURVEY AND INTERVIEW
STANDARDIZED TEST- uniform procedures for administration and scoring

103
Q

RESEARCH DESIGNS

A

…

104
Q

descriptive research

A

observes and records behavior

105
Q

correlational research

A

strenth of relationship between events or characteristics

106
Q

correlation coefficient

A

degree of associated between two variables

-1 to +1…higher coefficient the higher the association

107
Q

experimental research

A

carefully regulated procedures in which one or more factors are manipulated while all others held constant

108
Q

field study

A

natural occurring setting (correlational and exper)

109
Q

lab sutdy

A

conducted in controlled setting designed to hold events constant

110
Q

theoretical research

A

research designed specifically to test some developmental explanation and expand scientific knowledge

111
Q

applied research

A

research meant to provide practical solutions to immediate problems.

112
Q

longitudinal approach

A

same individuals studied over period of time

113
Q

cross-sectional approach

A

people diff ages compared at same time

114
Q

sequential approach

A

both long and cross

115
Q

research ethics

A

informed consent
confidentiality
deception
debriefing

116
Q

RESEARCH DESIGNS

A

…

117
Q

descriptive research

A

observes and records behavior

118
Q

correlational research

A

strenth of relationship between events or characteristics

119
Q

correlation coefficient

A

degree of associated between two variables

-1 to +1…higher coefficient the higher the association

120
Q

experimental research

A

carefully regulated procedures in which one or more factors are manipulated while all others held constant

121
Q

field study

A

natural occuring setting (correlational and exper)

122
Q

lab sutdy

A

conducted in controlled setting designed to hold events constand

123
Q

theoretical research

A

research designed specifically to test some developmental explanation and expand scientific knowledge

124
Q

applied research

A

research meant to provide practical solutions to immediate problems.

125
Q

longitudinal approach

A

same individuals studied over period of time

126
Q

cross-sectional approach

A

people diff ages compared at same time

127
Q

sequential approach

A

both long and cross

128
Q

research ethics

A

informed consent
confidentiality
deception
debriefing

129
Q

RESEARCH DESIGNS

A

…

130
Q

descriptive research

A

observes and records behavior

131
Q

correlational research

A

strenth of relationship between events or characteristics

132
Q

correlation coefficient

A

degree of associated between two variables

-1 to +1…higher coefficient the higher the association

133
Q

experimental research

A

carefully regulated procedures in which one or more factors are manipulated while all others held constant

134
Q

field study

A

natural occurring setting (correlational and exper)

135
Q

lab sutdy

A

conducted in controlled setting designed to hold events constant

136
Q

theoretical research

A

research designed specifically to test some developmental explanation and expand scientific knowledge

137
Q

applied research

A

research meant to provide practical solutions to immediate problems.

138
Q

longitudinal approach

A

same individuals studied over period of time

139
Q

cross-sectional approach

A

people diff ages compared at same time

140
Q

sequential approach

A

both long and cross

141
Q

research ethics

A

informed consent
confidentiality
deception
debriefing

142
Q

RESEARCH DESIGNS

A

…

143
Q

descriptive research

A

observes and records behavior

144
Q

correlational research

A

strenth of relationship between events or characteristics

145
Q

correlation coefficient

A

degree of associated between two variables

-1 to +1…higher coefficient the higher the association

146
Q

experimental research

A

carefully regulated procedures in which one or more factors are manipulated while all others held constant

147
Q

field study

A

natural occurring setting (correlational and exper)

148
Q

lab sutdy

A

conducted in controlled setting designed to hold events constant

149
Q

theoretical research

A

research designed specifically to test some developmental explanation and expand scientific knowledge

150
Q

applied research

A

research meant to provide practical solutions to immediate problems.

151
Q

longitudinal approach

A

same individuals studied over period of time

152
Q

cross-sectional approach

A

people diff ages compared at same time

153
Q

sequential approach

A

both long and cross

154
Q

research ethics

A

informed consent
confidentiality
deception
debriefing

155
Q

RESEARCH DESIGNS

A

…

156
Q

descriptive research

A

observes and records behavior

157
Q

correlational research

A

strenth of relationship between events or characteristics

158
Q

correlation coefficient

A

degree of associated between two variables

-1 to +1…higher coefficient the higher the association

159
Q

experimental research

A

carefully regulated procedures in which one or more factors are manipulated while all others held constant

160
Q

field study

A

natural occuring setting (correlational and exper)

161
Q

lab sutdy

A

conducted in controlled setting designed to hold events constand

162
Q

theoretical research

A

research designed specifically to test some developmental explanation and expand scientific knowledge

163
Q

applied research

A

research meant to provide practical solutions to immediate problems.

164
Q

longitudinal approach

A

same individuals studied over period of time

165
Q

cross-sectional approach

A

people diff ages compared at same time

166
Q

sequential approach

A

both long and cross

167
Q

research ethics

A

informed consent
confidentiality
deception
debriefing

GPSYC 160 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions