Chapter 9 Review

Question 1

(1) A political-economic system in which all wealth and property are shared so as to eliminate exploitation, oppression, and, ultimately, the need for political institutions such as the state; (2) A political ideology that advocates such a system

Answer 1

communism

Question 2

The economic system of a society, made up of technology (the means of production) and class relations between people (the relations of production)

Answer 2

base

Question 3

All noneconomic institutions in a society (e.g., religion, culture, national identity); These ideas and values derive from the base and serve to legitimize the current system of exploitation

Answer 3

superstructure

Question 4

The property-owning class

Answer 4

bourgeoisie

Question 5

Process of historical change that is not evolutionary but revolutionary; The existing base and superstructure (thesis) would come into conflict with new technological innovations, generating growing opposition to the existing order (antithesis)– This would culminate in revolution, overthrowing the old base and superstructure (synthesis)

Answer 5

dialectical materialism

Question 6

The working class

Answer 6

proletariat

Question 7

Lenin’s argument that an elite communist party would have to carry out revolution, because as a result of false consciousness, historical conditions would not automatically lead to capitalism’s demise

Answer 7

vanguard of the proletariat

Question 8

Politically sensitive or influential jobs in the state, society, or economy that were staffed by people chosen or approved by the Communist Party

Answer 8

nomenklatura

Question 9

The top policy-making and executive body of a communist party

Answer 9

Politburo

Question 10

The legislature-like body of a communist party

Answer 10

Central Committee

Question 11

A political system in which power flows directly from the ruling political party (usually a communist party) to the state, bypassing government structures

Answer 11

party-state

Question 12

A communist economic system in which the state explicitly allocates resources by planning what should be produced and in what amounts, the final prices of goods, and where they should be sold

Answer 12

central planning

Question 13

Literally, openness. The policy of political liberalization implemented in the Soviet Union in the late 1980s

Answer 13

glasnost

Question 14

Literally, restructuring; The policy of political and economic liberalization implemented in the Soviet Union in the late 1980s

Answer 14

perestroika

Question 15

A process of rapid marketization

Answer 15

shock therapy