Chapter 5 Review Flashcards

1
Q

A political system in which political power is exercised either directly or indirectly by the people

A

democracy

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2
Q

A political system that promotes participation, competition, and liberty and emphasizes individual freedom and civil rights

A

liberal democracy

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3
Q

Indirect democracy that emphasizes the separation of powers within a state and the representation of the public through elected officials

A

republicanism

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4
Q

The clear division of power between different branches of government and the provision that specific branches may check the power of other branches

A

separation of powers

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5
Q

Democracy that allows the public to participate directly in government decision making

A

direct democracy

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6
Q

Democracy in which representatives of the public are responsible for government decision making

A

indirect democracy

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7
Q

Organizations outside of the state that help people define and advance their own interests

A

civil society

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8
Q

The branch of government that carries out the laws and policies of a state

A

executive

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9
Q

The executive role that symbolizes and represents the people both nationally and internationally

A

head of state

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10
Q

The executive role that deals with the everyday tasks of running the state, such as formulating and executing policy

A

head of government

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11
Q

The branch of government charged with making laws

A

legislature

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12
Q

A political system in which the legislature comprises two houses

A

bicameral system

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13
Q

A political system in which the legislature comprises one house

A

unicameral system

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14
Q

A system in which all individuals and groups, including those in government, are subject to the law, irrespective of their power or authority

A

rule of law

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15
Q

The highest judicial body in a political system that decides whether laws and policies violate the constitution

A

constitutional court

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16
Q

The mechanism by which courts can review the actions of government and overturn those that violate the constitution

A

judicial review

17
Q

Judicial review that allows the constitutional court to rule on the basis of actual legal disputes brought before it

A

concrete review

18
Q

Judicial review that allows the constitutional court to rule on questions that do not arise from actual legal disputes

A

abstract review

19
Q

A political system in which the roles of head of state and head of government are assigned to separate executive offices

A

parliamentary system

20
Q

Vote taken by a legislature as to whether its members continue to support the current prime minister; Depending on the country, this can force the resignation of the prime minister and/or lead to new parlimentary elections

A

vote of no confidence

21
Q

A political system in which the roles of head of state and head of government are combined in one executive offices

A

presidential system

22
Q

An executive system that divides power between two strong executives, a president and a prime minister

A

semipresidential system

23
Q

A set of rules that decide how votes are cast, counted, and translated into seats in a legislature

A

electoral system

24
Q

A geographical area that an elected official represents

A

constituency

25
An electoral district with one seat
single-member-district (SMD)
26
An electoral system in which political parties compete in multimember districts, voters choose between parties, and the seats in the district are awarded proportionally according to the results of the vote
proportional representation (PR)
27
An electoral system in which individual candidates compete in singlemember districts; voters choose between candidates, and the candidate with the largest share of the vote wins the seat
first past the post
28
An electoral district with more than one seat
multi-member district (MMD)
29
An electoral system that uses a combination of single-member districts and proportional representation
mixed system
30
A national vote called by a government to address a specific proposal, often a change to the constitution
referendum
31
A national vote called by members of the public to address a specific proposal
initiative
32
Individual rights regarding equality that are created by the constitution and the political regime
civil rights
33
Individual rights regarding freedom that are created by the constitution and the political regime
civil liberties