Chapter 4 Review Flashcards

1
Q

The study of the interaction between states and markets

A

political economy

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2
Q

The interaction between the forces of supply and demand that allocates resources

A

market

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3
Q

Goods or services that are owned by an individual or group, privately or publicly

A

property

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4
Q

Goods, provided or secured by the state, available to society and which no private person or organization can own

A

public goods

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5
Q

State provision of public benefits, such as education, health care, and transportation

A

social expenditures

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6
Q

The total market value of all goods and services produced by a country over a period of one year

A

gross domestic product (GDP)

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7
Q

The state institution that controls how much money is flowing through the economy, as well as how much it costs to borrow money in that economy

A

central bank

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8
Q

An outstripping of supply by demand, resulting in an increase in the general price level of goods and services and the resulting loss of value in a country’s currency

A

inflation

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9
Q

Inflation of more than 50 percent a month for more than two months in a row

A

hyperinflation

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10
Q

A period of falling prices and values for goods, services, investments, and wages

A

deflation

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11
Q

A rule or order that sets the boundaries of a given procedure

A

regulation

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12
Q

A single producer that is able to dominate the market for a good or service without effective competition

A

monopoly

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13
Q

A tax on imported goods

A

tariff

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14
Q

A nontariff barrier that limits the quantity of a good that may be imported into a country

A

quota

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15
Q

Policies and regulations used to limit imports through methods other than taxation

A

nontariff regulatory barriers

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16
Q

The ability of one country to produce a particular good or service more efficiently relative to other countries’ efficiency in producing the same good or service

A

comparative advantage

17
Q

The relationship between political and economic institutions in a particular country and the policies and outcomes they create

A

political-economic system

18
Q

The principle that the economy should be ““allowed to do”” what it wishes; a liberal system of minimal state interference in the economy

A

laissez-faire

19
Q

A system of production based on private property and free markets

A

capitalism

20
Q

A system of social democratic policy making in which a limited number of organizations representing business and labor work with the state to set economic policy

A

neocorporatism

21
Q

A political-economic system in which national economic power is paramount and the domestic economy is viewed as an instrument that exists primarily to serve the needs of the state

A

mercantilism

22
Q

Industry partially owned by the state

A

parastatal

23
Q

A statistical tool that attempts to estimate the buying power of income across different countries by using prices in the United States as a benchmark

A

purchasing-power parity (PPP)

24
Q

A statistical formula that measures the amount of inequality in a society; its scale ranges from 0 to 100, where 0 corresponds to perfect equality and 100 to perfect inequality

A

Gini index

25
A statistical tool that attempts to evaluate the overall wealth, health, and knowledge of a country's people
Human Development Index (HDI)
26
Changes consistent with liberalism that aim to limit the power of the state and increase the power of the market and private property in an economy
economic liberalization