Chapter 3 Review

Question 1

Complex human organization, a collection of people bound by shared institutions that define how human relations should be conducted

Answer 1

society

Question 2

Specific attributes and societal institutions that make one group of people culturally different from others

Answer 2

ethnic identity/ethnicity

Question 3

A group that desires self-government through an independent state

Answer 3

nation

Question 4

A sense of belonging to a nation and a belief in its political aspirations

Answer 4

national identity

Question 5

Pride in one’s people and the belief that they have a unique political destiny

Answer 5

nationalism

Question 6

An individual’s relationship to the state, wherein citizens swear allegiance to that state and the state in return is obligated to provide rights to those citizens

Answer 6

citizenship

Question 7

Pride in one’s state

Answer 7

patriotism

Question 8

A state encompassing one dominant nation that it claims to embody and represent

Answer 8

nation-state

Question 9

A conflict in which different ethnic groups struggle to achieve certain political or economic goals at each other’s expense

Answer 9

ethnic conflict

Question 10

A conflict in which one or more groups within a country develop clear aspirations for political independence, clashing with others as a result

Answer 10

national conflict

Question 11

Description of one’s views regarding the speed and methods with which political changes should take place in a given society

Answer 11

political attitudes

Question 12

Those with a political attitude that favors dramatic, often revolutionary change

Answer 12

radicals

Question 13

Those with a political attitude that is skeptical of change and supports the current order

Answer 13

conservatives

Question 14

Someone who seeks to restore the institutions of a real or imagined earlier order

Answer 14

reactionary

Question 15

The basic values held by an individual about the fundamental goals of politics or the ideal balance of freedom and equality

Answer 15

political ideology

Question 16

(1) A political attitude that favors evolutionary transformation; (2) An ideology and political system that favors a limited state role in society and the economy, and places a high priority on individual political and economic freedom

Answer 16

liberalism

Question 17

A political system that promotes participation, competition, and liberty and emphasizes individual freedom and civil rights

Answer 17

liberal democracy

Question 18

(1) A political-economic system in which all wealth and property are shared so as to eliminate exploitation, oppression, and, ultimately, the need for political institutions such as the state; (2) A political ideology that advocates such a system

Answer 18

communism

Question 19

(1) A political-economic system in which freedom and equality are balanced through the state’s management of the economy and the provision of social expenditures; (2) A political ideology that advocates such a system

Answer 19

social democracy (socialism)

Question 20

A political ideology that asserts the superiority and inferiority of different groups of people and stresses a low degree of both freedom and equality in order to achieve a powerful state

Answer 20

fascism

Question 21

A regional focus when studying political science, rather than studying parts of the world where similar variables are clustered

Answer 21

anarchism

Question 22

A view of religion as absolute and inerrant that should be legally enforced by making faith the sovereign authority

Answer 22

fundamentalism

Question 23

Basic institutions that define a society

Answer 23

culture

Question 24

The basic norms for political activity in a society

Answer 24

political culture