chapter 1 review

Question 1

The study and comparison of domestic politics across countries

Answer 1

comparative politics

Question 2

A field in political science which concentrates on relations between countries, such as foreign policy, war, trade, and foreign aid

Answer 2

international relations

Question 3

An organization or activity that is self-perpetuating and valued for its own sake

Answer 3

Institution

Question 4

The struggle in any group for power that will give one or more persons the ability to make decisions for the larger group

Answer 4

politics

Question 5

The ability to influence others or impose one’s will on them

Answer 5

power

Question 6

The means by which social scientists make comparisons across cases

Answer 6

comparative method

Question 7

The means by which social scientists make comparisons across cases

Answer 7

inductive reasoning

Question 8

Research that works from a hypothesis that is then tested against data

Answer 8

deductive reasoning

Question 9

An apparent relationship between two or more variables

Answer 9

correlation

Question 10

cause and effect

Answer 10

casual relationship

Question 11

When variables are interconnected and interact together to produce particular outcomes

Answer 11

multicasualty

Question 12

A regional focus when studying political science, rather than studying parts of the world where similar variables are clustered

Answer 12

area studies

Question 13

A focus on effects rather than causes, which can lead to inaccurate conclusions about correlation or causation

Answer 13

selection bias

Question 14

The issue that cause and effect are not often clear, in that variables may be both cause and effect in relationship to one another

Answer 14

endogeneity

Question 15

An integrated set of hypotheses, assumptions, and facts

Answer 15

theory

Question 16

A theory asserting that as societies developed, they would take on a set of common characteristics, including democracy and capitalism

Answer 16

modernization theory

Question 17

A movement within political science during the 1950s and 1960s to develop general theories about individual political behavior that could be applied across all countries

Answer 17

behavioral revolution

Question 18

Study through an in-depth investigation of a limited number of cases

Answer 18

qualitative method

Question 19

Study through statistical data from many cases

Answer 19

quantitative method

Question 20

Approach that assumes that individuals weigh the costs and benefits and make choices to maximize their benefits

Answer 20

rational choice

Question 21

An approach that emphasizes how actors or organizations behave in their goal to influence others. Built upon assumptions of rational choice

Answer 21

game theory

Question 22

Institutions usually based on officially sanctioned rules that are relatively clear

Answer 22

formal institutions

Question 23

Institutions with unwritten and unofficial rules

Answer 23

informal institutions

Question 24

The ability of an individual to act independently, without fear of restriction or punishment by the state or other individuals or groups in society

Answer 24

freedom

Question 25

A shared material standard of individuals within a community, society, or country

Answer 25

equality