Chapter 9 Review

Question 1

Provide the definition of the term:

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 1

He was elected president in 1800 and took office in 1801

Question 2

Provide the definition of the term:

Aaron Burr

Answer 2

Jefferson’s running mate in the election of 1800

Question 3

Why did the election of 1800 have to be decided in the House of Representatives?

Answer 3

There was a tie in the Electoral College. Jefferson and Burr, both Republicans, received 73 electoral votes each.

Question 4

How did the election of 1800 affect future elections?

Answer 4

It lead to the 12th amendment being passed in 1804, which requires electors to cast separate votes for president and vice president

Added Information/Explanation:

Before the 12th amendment, the original process for electing the President and Vice President allowed each elector in the Electoral College to cast two votes without specifying which was for President and which was for Vice President. The candidate who received the most electoral votes became President, while the runner-up became Vice President.

Question 5

After being provided the definition, name the term:

The idea that the government should not interfere in the economy

Answer 5

laissez faire

Question 6

Provide the definition of the term:

Revenue

Answer 6

The income from taxes, licenses, etc. as of a city, state, or nation

Question 7

Complete the following statement with the best available option:

John Marshall was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court who presided over the…

A. Marbury v. Marshall case
B. Marbury v. Madison case
C. Marbury v. Meriwether case
D. None of the above

Answer 7

B. Marbury v. Madison case

Question 8

What actions did Jefferson take as President to help those convicted under the Sedition Act?

Answer 8

1. Jefferson pardoned anybody that had been in jail
2. He supported the refunding of fines that had been imposed on people under the Act

Question 9

Provide the definition of the term:

Judicial review

Answer 9

The authority of the Supreme Court to strike down unconstitutional laws

Question 10

What was Chief Justice Marshall’s decision in the case of Marbury v. Madison?

Answer 10

The Supreme Court did not have the authority to order Madison to deliver the commision because the portion of the Judiciary Act of 1789 that gave the Court this power was unconstitutional

Explanation:

In Marvury v. Madison, the United States Supreme Court established the principle of judicial review. The case arose when William Marbury, one of the “midnight judges” appointed by President John Adams at the end of his term, petitioned the Court to compel (force) Secretary of State James Madison to deliver his commision. Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that while Marbury was entitled to his comission, the section of the Judiciary Act of 1789 granting the Supreme Court the power to issue writs of mandamus exceeded Congress’s constitutional authority, as the powers of the Supreme Court come from the Constitution, not Congress.

Question 11

True or false? If false, correct the statement:

Jefferson’s first goal as president was to limit the federal government’s power over the states and citizens.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

What were the four main reforms Jefferson made to meet his goal?

Reminder: Jefferson’s goal was to limit the federal government’s power

Answer 12

1. He cut the number of government employees
2. He shrunk the military
3. He eliminated all federal taxes
4. Jefferson released those jailed under the Sedition Act

Question 13

What were some Federalist policies Jefferson did not reverse?

Answer 13

• He kept the National Bank, as the nation needed to keep paying its debts
• He let most Federalist office holders keep their jobs

Question 14

What is the difference between the American Revolution and the “Revolution of 1800”?

Answer 14

• American Revolution - An armed conflict that involved physical war, foreign superpowers, and mobilized armies.
• Revolution of 1800 - A peaceful transfer of power from the Federalist Party to the Democratic-Republican Party following Jefferson’s election as President.

Question 15

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate answers:

The case of Marbury v. Madison was important because it established _________________, or the authority of the Supreme Court to strike down __________________ laws.

Answer 15

judicial review, unconstitutional

Question 16

Provide the definition of the term:

expedition

Answer 16

a long and carefully organized journey

Question 17

Provide the definition of the term:

Meriwether Lewis

Answer 17

army captain who Jefferson chose to lead the expedition to explore the Louisiana Purchase

Question 18

Answer the question with the best available option:

Who was chosen by Lewis to be the co-leader of the expedition that aimed to explore the Louisiana Purchase?

A. Robert Livingston
B. Sacagawea
C. Stephen Decatur
D. William Clark

Answer 18

D. William Clark

Question 19

What important right did the United States gain with the Pinckney Treaty of 1795?

Answer 19

The U.S. aquired the right to ship its goods down the Mississippi to New Orleans, so they would be stored until they were transferred to ocean-going ships for the journey east

Added Information/Explanation:

The right of deposit, as established in the Pinckney Treaty of 1795 between the United States and Spain, granted American traders the privilege of storing goods in the Spanish port of New Orleans and loading them onto ocean-going vessels without paying taxes. This was crucial for American merchants, as New Orleans served as a vital gateway for access to international markets.

Question 20

Why did President Jefferson hesitate to approve the purchase of the Louisiana Territory?

Answer 20

The Constitution did not specifically state that the President had the power to buy land from a foreign country

Question 21

What made Jefferson eventually come around to accepting the Louisiana Purchase?

Answer 21

He viewed it as a treaty, and the Constitution allowed the President to make treaties.

Question 22

After being provided the definition, name the term:

Jefferson chose him to explore the southern part of the Louisiana Purchase

Answer 22

Zebulon Pike

Added Information/Explanation:

Zebulon Pike was an American explorer. During the Pike Expedition, he explored the southern portion of the Louisiana Purchase. However, he went extremely deep into Spanish territory. Him and his men got caught and arrested for spying, and their explanation was that, “they got lost.” His work is much less known than the Lewis and Clark expedition.

Question 23

True or false? If false, correct the statement:

A continental divide is the place on a continent that separates river systems flowing in similar directions.

Answer 23

False. A continental divide is the place on a continent that separates river systems flowing in opposite directions.

Added Information/Explanation:

Basically, a continental divide is an “imaginary” line that separates major bodies of water into different oceans.

Question 24

Provide the definition of the term:

Robert Livingston

Answer 24

American minister to France who helped negotiate the Louisiana Purchase

Question 25

What goals did President Jefferson set for Lewis and Clark’s expedition?

Answer 25

• He wanted Lewis and Clark to report back on the geography, plants, animals, and other natural features of the region
• He wanted Lewis and Clark to make contact with Native Americans who lived in the Territory
• He wanted them to figure out if a waterway existed between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean

Question 26

Who was Sacagawea, and how was she important to the success of the Lewis & Clark expedition?

Answer 26

Sacagawea was a Shoshone who served as a translator to Lewis and Clark’s crew. She helped guide them with her knowledge of the terrain, and her presence was valuable whenever the expedition came to face Native Americans.

Question 27

Base your answers off of the map provided:

Lewis and Clark went from near St. Louis up the __________ River, and traveled through the lands of the _______ and ________ Indians. They then followed the __________ River, which lies between the present-day states of ________ and ___________, and finally reached the _________ Ocean.

Answer 27

Missouri, Sioux, Mandan, Columbia, Oregon, Washington, Pacific

Question 28

Provide the definition of the term:

tribute

Answer 28

money paid by one country to another in return for protection

Question 29

_________ Decatur raided Tripoli harbor in 1804 and burned the Philadelphia to prevent Barbary pirates from using it.

Answer 29

Stephen

Added information/explanation:

Stephen Decatur is most known for his raid on the captured USS Philadelphia during the First Barbary War. In 1804, the Philadelphia ran aground off the coast of Tripoli, and the tripolitan forces captured the ship and its crew. Concerned that the enemy would use the Philadelphia against American interests, Decatur led a small group of volunteers on a nighttime raid into Tripoli harbor. Under darkness, they boarded the Philadelphia and set the ship ablaze, stopping it from being used for the enemy.

Question 30

Name the definition of the term:

embargo

Answer 30

a government order that forbids foreign trade

Question 31

True or false? If false, correct the statement:

Tecumseh was a Shawnee Indian who organized western tribes into a league to resist settlers taking their land.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Answer the question with the best available option:

Who was governor of the Indiana Territory in 1811, who defeated Tecumseh’s warriors at the Battle of Tippecanoe?

A. William Henry Harrison
B. Oliver Hazard Perry
C. Andrew Jackson
D. General Hull

Answer 32

A. William Henry Harrison

Question 33

How did European nations protect themselves against raids by the Barbary pirates?

Answer 33

They paid the Barbary pirates tribute

Question 34

Why did Britain and France attack American merchant ships?

Answer 34

France and Britain were at war with each other, so they imposed trade restrictions on the other and their allies. This was done in an attempt to weaken their opponent economically.

Question 35

Why did President Jefferson place an embargo on foreign goods in 1807?

Answer 35

Jefferson aimed to protect American interests and assert neutrality by halting trade with all foreign countries. He believed that if no Americans were trading overseas, then no merchant ships would be destroyed, and no sailors would be impressed.

Question 36

What actions did Tecumseh and the Prophet urge Native Americans in the Northwest Territory to take?

Remember: The Prophet is Tecumseh’s brother

Answer 36

• They urged Native Americans to resist American expansion and reclaim their land that was lost
• They emphasized unity among tribes
• They encouraged Native Americans to return to the traditional ways of life

Question 37

How did Jefferson respond to the Barbary pirates?

Answer 37

He sent warships to the Mediterranean to protect U.S. merchant ships

The Barbary pirates were stealing property and enslaving sailors. European nations paid tribute to stop this, but America decided to change things up.

Question 38

What were the three results of the Embargo Act?

Answer 38

1. Crop prices declined
2. Tens of thousands of Americans lost their jobs
3. Smuggling increased greatly to get around the embargo

Question 39

What was the cause of Native American unrest?

Answer 39

rapid westward settlement

Question 40

How did the U.S. respond to Native American unrest?

Answer 40

The U.S. took military action against Native American resistance

e.g.) William Henry Harrison and the Battle of Tippecanoe

Question 41

List the four main effects that rapid westward settlement had on Native Americans.

Answer 41

1. It threatened their hunting grounds
2. The settlement drove away the animals they hunted - fur, tools, food
3. Diseases were brought by Americans - smallpox, influenza, measles
4. The power of traditional leaders fell

Question 42

After being provided the definition, name the term:

pride in one’s country

Answer 42

nationalism

Question 43

Provide the definition of the term:

war hawk

Answer 43

those who were eager to go to war with Great Britain

Question 44

Answer both parts of the following question:

A. In what regions of the United States was support for war with Britain the strongest?
B. Why did they want to go to war?

Answer 44

A. Support for the conflict with Britain was strongest in the Western and Southern regions of the United States
B. These areas felt threatened by British support of Native American resistance to American expansion. They were also angry at the continued impressment of Americans.

Question 45

True or false? If false, correct the statement:

A blockade is the action of opening a port or road to welcome people or supplies from coming into an area or leaving it.

Answer 45

False. A blockade is the action of shutting a port or road to prevent people or supplies from coming into an area or leaving it

Question 46

Name the definition of the term:

Oliver Hazard Perry

Answer 46

U.S. naval commander during the Battle of Put-In-Bay (on Lake Erie) who said, “We have met the enemy and they are ours”

Question 47

Answer both parts of the following question:

A. What region of the United States did not want to go to war with Britain?
B. Why did they want to avoid war?

Answer 47

A. The opposition to war was strongest in New England
B. They believed that war with Britain would harm American trade, as the northern economy depended on it

Question 48

Name the definition of the term:

Andrew Jackson

Answer 48

American general who defeated the Creek Indians in Georgia as well as the British at the Battle of New Orleans

Question 49

Why was the United States unprepared for war in 1812?

Answer 49

Jefferson’s spending cuts had weakened American military strength. The navy only had 16 warships ready at the time, and the army had fewer than 7,000 men.

Question 50

What was the purpose of the Hartford Convention?

Answer 50

To talk about the economic concerns that the War of 1812 had created. Since it had badly damaged New England trade, some delegates suggested that the New England states secede from the United States.

Question 51

The President during the War of 1812 was _______________, who was a ____________.

Answer 51

James Madison, Republican

Question 52

Why did the war of 1812 not come at a good time for Britain?

Answer 52

Britain was still at war in Europe against France (Napolean)

Question 53

What did the British Navy do near the start of the war?

Answer 53

Blockade American coasts

Question 54

True or false? If false, correct the statement:

The U.S. warship that won an early battle was the U.S.S. Constitution (Old Iron’s Sides).

Answer 54

True

Question 55

U.S. General Hull invaded Canada but then he retreated and got captured. Why did he retreat?

Answer 55

He feared that he lacked the necessary supplies and reinforcements to sustain a prolonged war

Question 56

How many soldiers were captured during Hull’s surrender?

Answer 56

2,000 American soldiers were captured by British General Isaac Brock

Question 57

Who won the battle of Thames where Tecumseh was killed?

Answer 57

U.S. General William Henry Harrison

Question 58

________________ defeated the Creek Indians in the Battle of ________________.

Answer 58

Andrew Jackson, Horseshoe Bend

Question 59

In 1814, why could the British finally send more troops to fight the U.S.?

Answer 59

They had finally defeated Napoleon

Question 60

Fill in the blanks:

During an attack on the nation’s _________ in 1814, British troops burned ___________________________ in Washington D.C. including the White House.

Answer 60

capital, several government buildings

Question 61

Where did the National Anthem originate from?

Answer 61

During the British attack on Fort McHenry in Baltimore, Francis Scott Key wrote the words to the Star-Spangled Banner.

Question 62

When did Congress make the Star-Spangled Banner the National Anthem?

Possible bonus question

Answer 62

March 3, 1931

Question 63

Answer the question with the best available option:

Which treaty ended the War of 1812?

A. The Treaty of Paris
B. The Treaty of New Orleans
C. The Treaty of Ghent
D. The Treaty of Treaties

Answer 63

C. The Treaty of Ghent

Question 64

After the war had ended, what caused Federalist popularity to plumment, eventually leading to their disbandment?

Answer 64

The Hartford Convention - where some suggested New England secede from the U.S.

Explanation:

The United States was feeling very patriotic after they had proved they could stand their own against Britain. However, when people realized that the Federalists were discussing seceding, this got them very angry, because they had such pride in their own country. This made Federalists lose a lot of power in the government, and they eventually collapsed.