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American History 7 - McQuaid > Chapter 11 Plus Review > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Plus Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Provide the definition of the term:

Richard Arkwright

A

in 1764 he invented the water frame which was a spinning machine powered by running water

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2
Q

True or false? If false, correct the statement:

The factory system refers to workers and machinery separate in different places.

A

False. The factory system refers to workers and machinery together in one place.

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3
Q

How did the Industrial Revolution change the way the work was performed?

A

It introduced mechanized and factory-based production methods, instead of relying on manual labor and skilled artisans

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4
Q

After being provided the definition, name the term:

someone who invests capital, or money, in a business to earn a profit

A

capitalist

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5
Q

Provide the definition of the term:

Samuel Slater

A

he memorized the plans of Arkwright’s machines and then snuck out of Britain to head to the USA

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6
Q

Why did Samuel Slater have to build his machines from memory?

A

—> Britain tried to guard the secrets of its industrial success, forbiding any skilled textile worker to leave the country.
—> Slater relied on his memory of the machinery to recreate the machines in the U.S. He did not write the plans down because if he got caught, there was evidence that he was breaking the law.

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7
Q

Answer the statement with the best available option:

Mass production is the rapid manufacturing of large numbers of…

A. similar objects
B. different objects
C. identical objects
D. closely related objects

A

C. identical objects

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8
Q

Fill in the blanks:

Francis Cabot Lowell opened a _________ mill in Massachusetts that brought together the spinning of ________ and _________ of cloth in one building.

A

textile, thread, weaving

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9
Q

How was the Lowell factory system different from the European factory system?

A
  • Instead of obtaining thread from separate spinning mills, Lowell’s factory brought spinning and weaving together in one building
  • Additionally, the Lowell system also hired unmarried women to work
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10
Q

After being provided the definition, name the term:

identical pieces that could be assembled quickly by unskilled workers

A

interchangeable parts

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11
Q

Provide the definition of the term:

Eli Whitney

A

in the 1790s he devised the system of interchangeable parts which makes mass production possible

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12
Q

How did Eli Whitney’s system of interchangeable parts speed up the manufacturing process?

A

Whitney developed a system that allowed for mass production. His system was easier because workers were using machines that could produce identical parts, which allowed for parts that could be easily swapped and assembled into finished products. This reduced the need for skilled labor and minimized production time.

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13
Q

In the Industrial Revolution, machines took the place of many hand tools. What were the two new main sources of power?

A
  1. Flowing water
  2. Steam engines
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14
Q

What sped up the thread-making process in the 1760s?

A

the Spinning Jenny

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15
Q

When Richard Arkwright invented the water frame, textile mills began to be built where?

A

on the banks of rivers

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16
Q

Answer the question with the best available option:

A few decades after the water frame was invented, who built the first steam powered textile plant?

A. Eli Whitney
B. Samuel Slater
C. Richard Arkwright
D. Francis Cabot Lowell

A

C. Richard Arkwright

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17
Q

Who built the first water-frame-style spinning machine in the United States?

A

Samuel Slater

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18
Q

Fill in the blanks:

During the _____________, the British navy blockaded U.S. ports, which caused ___________________ to grow significantly.

A

War of 1812, American industry

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19
Q

Did Francis Lowell or Samuel Slater treat their employees better?

A

Francis Lowell

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20
Q

What were the typical factory working conditions in Lowell’s textile mills?

A
  • Decent living conditions - the workers would live in dormitories that were generally well maintained in the town of Lowell, Massachusetts
  • Educational opportunites - the town offered educational opportunities, encouraging the workers to attend lectures and visit libraries
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21
Q

What were the typical factory working conditions in Sam Slater’s textile mills?

A
  • Long workdays: 12-14 hours
  • Bad factory conditions: poor lighting, little fresh air, dangerous
  • Bad safety conditions: dangerous machinery, caused many injuries
  • No treatment of disabled workers: if you get injured, you are on your own
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22
Q

Provide the definition of the term:

Eli Whitney

this is referring to after his invention of interchangeable parts

A

he invented the cotton gin in 1793

23
Q

After being provided the definition, name the term:

used a spiked cylinder to remove seeds from cotton fibers

A

cotton gin

24
Q

This image is an example of what?

A

a cotton gin

25
Q

What was one of the arguments that southerners used to justify owning slaves?

A

Southerners claimed the system of slavery was more humane than the free labor system of the North

26
Q

Why did southerners claim that slavery was more humane than the North’s free labor system?

A
  • Southerners claimed that enslaved people were provided with lifelong care, including food and shelter, which was more secure than the uncertain conditions faced by free laborers in Northern factories
  • If a worker got injured, they got no guaranteed treatment, but if a slave got injured, the master would make sure that the slave got medical examination so they could get back to work
27
Q

True or false? If false, correct the statement:

Spirituals were laws that controlled every aspect of a slave’s life.

A

False. Slave codes were laws that controlled every aspect of a slave’s life.

28
Q

Provide the definition of the term:

Nat Turner

A

he led one of the most famous slave revolts in Virginia in 1831

29
Q

What arguments did critics of slavery use to challenge the southerners’ justification for owning slaves?

A

They argued that northern workers were free to quit a job (free laborers) and take another if conditions became too harsh

30
Q

Answer the statement with the best available option:

Spirituals were religious folk songs that blended biblical themes with the realities of…

A. textile mills
B. machinery
C. weaving
D. slavery

A

D. slavery

31
Q

Fill in the blank:

______ was the year that importing slaves from Africa was made illegal.

A

1808

32
Q

How widespread was slave ownership?

A

Fewer than 50% of white Americans owned slaves in the southern states

33
Q

How did African Americans adapt to slavery?

A

They retained and blended African cultural traditions with new ones developed in America. This included music, dance, customs, and religion, such as spirituals.

34
Q

How did enslaved African Americans resist slavery?

A
  • Some worked slowly or pretended not to understand what they were told to do
  • Others purposely broke farm equipment
  • Some daring African Americans fled north to freedom
  • Rarely, there were organized resistances
35
Q

After being provided the definition, name the term:

reformers who wanted to abolish, or end slavery

A

abolitionist

36
Q

Provide the definition of the term:

William Lloyd Garrison

A

one of the most forceful voices for abolition, he was against the use of violence to end slavery and supported full political rights for all African Americans

37
Q

True or false? If false, correct the statement:

Frederick Douglass was an African American abolitionist who gave speeches against slavery and published an anti-slavery newspaper called the South Star.

A

False. Frederick Douglass was an African American abolitionist who gave speeches against slavery and published an anti-slavery newspaper called the North Star.

38
Q

How did slavery end in the North?

A

In 1780, Pennsylvania became the first state to pass a law that eliminated slavery. Other northern states followed, and by 1804, every northern state had ended or pledged to end slavery.

39
Q

What role did Frederick Douglass play in the abolitionist movement?

A

Escaping from slavery himself, Douglass used his firsthand experience to advocate for slavery abolition. He delivered speeches at antislavery rallies, and published the abolitionist newspaper the North Star.

40
Q

Provide the definition of the term:

Amistad

A

famous slave ship that had a slave rebellion resulting in a court case that made it to the Supreme Court

41
Q

Complete the statement with the best available option:

Harriet Tubman was the most famous conductor on the Underground Railroad, and as a result, she was given the nickname…

A. Black Noah
B. Black Gabriel
C. Black Mary
D. Black Moses

A

D. Black Moses

42
Q

Provide the definition of the term:

Underground Railroad

A

a secret network of people who helped slaves reach freedom in the North

43
Q

How did the Underground Railroad work?

A

Conductors led fugitive slaves from one station to the next. Stations were usually the homes of abolitionists. Supporters helped by donating clothing, food, and money to pay for passage on trains and boats.

44
Q

What were some reasons northerners opposed abolition?

A
  • Textile mill owners and merchants relied on the cotton produced by slave labor
  • Northern workers feared that freed slaves might come north and take their jobs
45
Q

Fill in the blank:

______ was the first state to ban slavery in its constitution.

A

Ohio

46
Q

What newspaper did William Lloyd Garrison found?

A

the Liberator in 1831

47
Q

True or false? If false, correct the statement:

William Lloyd Garrison co-founded the New England Anti-Slavery Society.

A

True

48
Q

Why was David Walker important to the antislavery movement?

A

He wrote Appeal to Colored Citizens of the World in 1829, a pamphlet that called enslaved people to rebel or revolt to gain their freedom

49
Q

Fill in the blanks:

John Quincy Adams read _____________ petitions from the floor of the House of Representatives, and spoke to the Supreme Court for nine hours to help free the _________ captives.

A

antislavery, Amistad

50
Q

Answer the statement with the best available option:

Southerners in Congress won passage of a… which blocked discussion of antislavery petitions.

A. gag rule
B. hag rule
C. quiet rule
D. pass rule

A

A. gag rule

51
Q

Eli Whitney Invents the Cotton Gin in ______.

(this is part of the essay)

A

1793

52
Q

After Eli Whitney invented the Gin, two major events took place:

  • Upland cotton could now
    ___________________________________________.
  • Slaves were now ________________________________________________________.

(this is part of the essay)

A
  • be profitably grown all across the South
  • in greater demand. As a result, millions more were imported
53
Q

Southern agriculture became __________________________.

(this is part of the essay)

A

dependent on King Cotton

Southerners gave cotton the nickname “king” because they viewed it as the most important crop for the entire nation. The northerners depended on it for their textile mills, and for the southerners, it was their biggest cash crop.

54
Q

Southerners came to view slavery ________________________________________________________.

(this is part of the essay)

A

as an economic necessity and they strongly defended it

American History 7 - McQuaid (13 decks)

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