Chapter 10 Review

Question 1

True or false? If false, correct the statement:

Henry Clay spoke for people in the North who thought the country needed better canals and roads to transport goods from one region to another.

Answer 1

False. Henry Clay spoke for people in the West who thought the country needed better canals and roads to transport goods from one region to another

Question 1

Provide the definition of the term:

John C. Calhoun

Answer 1

he spoke for the interests of the South and was against tariffs because they raised the price of goods that southerners bought; he also favored states’ rights

Question 2

What happened to the Federalist Party after the War of 1812?

Answer 2

The Federalist Party began to lose a lot of power. In addition to the Hartford Convention, during the election of 1816, Republicans beat Federalists 183 to 34 in electoral votes. This was a humiliating defeat, causing the Federalist Party to eventually disappear.

Question 3

Provide the definition of the term:

Daniel Webster

Answer 3

He became a spokesperson for the Northeast who supported high protective tariffs because they allowed New England factories to compete against European manufacturers

Question 4

Answer the question with the best available option:

What is a charter?

A. An agreement between two or more parties that can be enforced by law
B. A legal document giving certain rights to a person or company
C. An economic system in which privately owned businesses compete in a free market
D. Both A and B

Answer 4

B. A legal document giving certain rights to a person or company

Question 5

How did the Tarriff of 1816 lead to conflicts between different regions of the United States?

Answer 5

• North- Manufactures liked the tarriff because it provided them with a competitive advantage against foreign imports.
• South & West- Opposed it because it increased the cost of imported goods. They did not have much industries in those regions, so they did not get the benefit of the tarriffs.

Question 6

Provide the definition of the term:

dumping

Answer 6

the practice of selling goods in another country below market value

Question 7

True or false? If false, correct the statement:

A contract is an agreement between two or more parties that can be enforced by law

Answer 7

True

Question 8

According to Henry Clay, how would his American system benefit the economy?

Answer 8

The wealth produced by the tariff would allow northerners to buy farm products from the West and the South. The tariffs would also provide revenue for the federal government, which in turn would be used to build up infrastructure in the South and West.

Question 9

After being provided the definition, name the term:

The economic system in which privately owned businesses compete in a free market

Answer 9

capitalism

Question 10

Provide the definition of the term:

interstate commerce

Answer 10

trade between two or more states

Question 11

What two things occured in 1819 that strengthened the power of the federal government?

Answer 11

McCulloch v. Maryland - Maryland cannot tax a state branch of the Second Bank of the U.S., as it would interfere with a federal institution.

Dartmouth College v. Woodward - New Hampshire cannot change the charter of Dartmouth College. The charter was a private contract protected by the Constitution.

Question 12

What took place in 1824 that strengthened the power of the federal government?

Answer 12

In Gibbons v. Ogden, the Supreme Court ruled that New York could not grant a steamship company a monopoly on the Hudson River because the ferry trip involved interstate commerce, which only Congress (the federal government) could regulate.

Question 13

What state was Henry Clay from?

Answer 13

Kentucky

Question 14

True or false? If false, correct the statement:

John C. Calhoun was from South Carolina.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Answer the question with the best available option:

What state was Daniel Webster from?

A. Virginia
B. Georgia
C. Florida
D. Massachusetts

Answer 15

D. Massachusetts

Question 16

Why was the second bank of the United States needed, and what did it do?

Answer 16

Why it was needed: State banks made too many loans and issued too much money

What it did: Loaned money and controlled the money supply

Question 17

Why was the tariff of 1816 needed, and what did it do?

Answer 17

Why it was needed: British manufacturers were dumping goods, which hurt American businesses

What it did: It raised taxes on foreign goods, pleasing northerners and upsetting southerners

Question 18

Provide the definition of the term:

cede

Answer 18

to give up

Question 19

After being provided the definition, name the term:

In 1810 this person organized an army of Native Americans in Mexico to fight for independence from Spain.

Answer 19

Miguel Hidalgo

Question 20

What effect did Andrew Jackson’s attack on Florida have on the government of Spain?

Answer 20

His attack showed that Spain could not control/protect its colony in Florida and that the U.S. could take it over any time it wanted, causing Spain to give the territory to the United States.

Explanation/Added Information:

Jackson was an American general who was ordered to lead a military campaign into Florida to stop Seminole raids into American territory. However, he went far beyond his orders, and captured several Spanish towns and forced the governor to leave Florida.

Question 21

True or false? If false, correct the statement:

Simon Bolivar’s nickname is the Fearless for his role in leading independence movements in the northern parts of South America.

Answer 21

False. Simon Bolivar’s nickname is the Liberator for his role in leading independence movements in the northern parts of South America.

Question 22

Who issued the Monroe Doctrine in 1823?

Answer 22

James Monroe

Question 23

Why was Miguel Hidalgo important to the history of Mexico?

Answer 23

Even though he was captured and executed, Miguel’s efforts for Mexican independence sparked more movements later on in 1820, which gave Mexico independence once and for all.

Question 24

Who was James Monroe’s Secretary of State?

Answer 24

John Quincy Adams, who would later become President

Question 25

Answer the question with the best available option:

What is self-government?

A. Trade between two states
B. The practice of selling goods in another country below market value
C. The economic system in which privately owned businesses compete in a free market
D. The right of people to rule themselves independently

Answer 25

D. The right of people to rule themselves independently

Question 26

What was Adams advice to President Monroe regarding a joint statement between Great Britain and the USA?

Answer 26

Adams advice was that Monroe should not pursue a joint statement with Great Britain, as it would make the United States look weak and subordinate to Britain

Explanation/Added Information:

In 1823, Great Britain suggested that it and the United States should issue a joint statement announcing their determination to protect the freedom of the new nations of Latin America.

Question 27

Why did Britain grant some self-government to Canada?

Answer 27

There was growing rebellions against British rule in Upper Canada and Lower Canada. Britain decided to give Canadians more power of self government, so they wouldn’t lose more North American territory to rebellious colonies.

Question 28

Fill in the blanks:

In ______, the United States and _______ were the only two parts of the Americas not under European control.

Answer 28

1812, Haiti

Question 29

In what treaty did Spain cede Florida to the U.S.?

Answer 29

The Adams-Onís Treaty

Question 30

What did Spain get in the Adams-Onís Treaty?

Answer 30

Spain created an official border for its possesions in North America, which meant that American settlers could still settle in Spanish territory, but they would have to abide by Spanish rule.

Question 31

By what year had most parts of Latin America become free from European rule?

Answer 31

1825

Question 32

The Act of Union of 1841 moved ________ towards self-government by merging its two parts into a single unit governed by a __________ legislature.

Answer 32

Canada, Canadian

Question 33

Provide the definition of the term:

suffrage

Answer 33

the right to vote

Question 34

After being provided the definition, name the term:

He was elected President in 1828 because he was very popular with the “common man.”

Answer 34

Andrew Jackson

Question 35

During the election of 1824, why did Jackson’s supporters claim there had been a “corrupt bargain”?

Answer 35

Andrew Jackson had won the most popular vote and the most electoral votes. However, John Quincy Adams still ended up being elected in the House of Representatives. The Speaker of the House at the time, Henry Clay, was elected to be the Secretary of State for Adams, which was extremely suspicious.

Question 36

True or false? If false, correct the statement:

A caucus is a meeting of members of a political party.

Answer 36

True

Question 37

Provide the definition of the term:

nominating convention

Answer 37

large meetings of party delegates to choose candidates for office

Question 38

How did the United States become more democratic between the 1790s and the 1830s?

Hint: There are three different ways.

Answer 38

1. There was an expansion of suffrage to include more white male citizens, including those that did not own land.
2. States were changing how they chose presidential electors. Previously, state legislatures chose them. In 1824, that right went to the voters.
3. In 1831, political parties started holding national nominating conventions instead of caucuses to choose their presidential candidate, which were more democratic and inclusive.

Question 39

Which groups did not benefit from increased suffrage in the United States?

Answer 39

• Women
• Enslaved or free African Americans

Question 40

Provide the definition of the term:

Whig

Answer 40

New political party formed in 1836 by anti-Jackson forces

Question 41

After being provided the definition, name the term:

The practice of rewarding government jobs to loyal supporters of the party that wins an election

Answer 41

spoils system

Question 42

How did Andrew Jackson justify the spoils system?

Answer 42

He argued that it promoted democracy and accountability in the government. He viewed the system as a way to allow ordinary citizens to participate in the government.

Question 43

John Quincy Adams had ambitious plans for the nation, but he couldn’t achieve them. Why?

Answer 43

He was burdened by charges of a secret deal to win the election, and he lacked the political skill to push his programs through Congress

Question 44

Provide the definition of the term:

Sequoyah

Answer 44

Leader of the Cherokee Indians who created an alphabet for the Cherokee language

Question 45

After being provided the definition, name the term:

He suggested in 1825 that the United States move the Native Americans east of the Mississippi River to territory west of the river

Answer 45

James Monroe

Question 46

How did the Cherokee Indians try to adapt to “white culture” instead of resisting and fighting?

Answer 46

• They ran successful businesses, such as grain and lumber mills
• Some could speak and read English
• A few Cherokee Native Americans had converted to Christianity
• They formed an independent government with a written constitution

Question 47

True or false? If false, correct the statement:

Ketanji Brown Jackson was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court who argued that based on signed treaties, Georgia had no say over Cherokee territory.

Answer 47

False. John Marshall was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court who argued that based on signed treaties, Georgia had no say over Cherokee territory.

Question 48

Fill in the blanks:

Thomas Jefferson hoped that the Native Americans moving from their lands would be ___________ and that moving west was the only way they could preserve their __________.

Answer 48

voluntary, cultures

Question 49

According to John Marshall, why was Georgia barred from applying its laws to Cherokee territory?

Answer 49

Marshall said that the Cherokee Nation was independent from Georgia territory. Georgia’s attempts to make the Cherokees get rid of their land violated federal treaties upheld by the Constitution, the supreme law of the land.

Question 50

What mistakes in planning did the federal government make before removing Native Americans?

Answer 50

The federal government did not provide enough tents, food, blankets, shoes, winter clothes, and other supplies for the Natives.

Question 51

Provide the definition of the term:

Indian Removal Act of 1830

Answer 51

gave President Jackson the authority to “offer” Native American nations land west of the Mississippi River in exchange for their land in the East

Question 52

After being provided the definition, name the term:

Forced march of the Cherokee Indians from their land to land west of the Mississippi River. There was not enough food or shelter provided for the journey and more than 4,000 died along the way.

Answer 52

The Trail of Tears

Question 53

How did the Choctaws and the Seminoles differ in their reactions to the Indian Removal Act?

Answer 53

The Choctaws initally resisted removal but eventually signed a treaty, agreeing to be removed to Indian Territory in present-day Oklahoma. However, the Seminoles fought three wars against removal.

Question 54

Who was the president of the second Bank of the United States?

Answer 54

Nicholas Biddle

Question 55

True or false? If false, correct the statement:

Nicholas Biddle and Andrew Jackson got along very well.

Answer 55

False. Nicholas Biddle and Andrew Jackson did not get along at all.

Question 56

Provide the definition of the term:

nullification

Answer 56

an action by a state that cancels a federal law to which the state objects

Question 57

After being provided the definition, name the term:

Andrew Jackson’s first vice-president, he resigned during the Nullification Crisis

Answer 57

John C. Calhoun

Question 58

What three positions did Martin Van Buren hold?

Answer 58

1. He was Jackson’s Secretary of State during his first term
2. When Calhoun resigned, Buren was promoted to Vice-President
3. After Jackson had fulfilled his two terms, Van Buren was elected president himself in 1836

Question 59

What were the arguments for the second Bank of the United States?

Answer 59

• People liked the fact that the Bank made loans to businesses
• The bank was a safe place for the federal government to store its money
• The paper money it issued formed a stable currency
• The careful policies of the bank helped create confidence in banks all across the country

Question 60

What was the main argument against the second Bank of the United States?

Answer 60

People opposed the way the National Bank restricted loans made by state banks

Explanation/Added Information:

Bank directors would limit the amount of money state banks could lend, in fear that they were making too many loans.

Question 61

How does the Tenth Amendment limit federal power?

Answer 61

It gives any power not specifically given to the federal government in the Constitution to the states or the people

Question 62

After being provided the statement, name the person it best suits:

This person believed that the Union grew from an agreement between the states. After the Union was formed, each state kept certain powers, and one of them was the power to nullify federal laws that were considered unfair.

Answer 62

John C. Calhoun

Question 63

What was Andrew Jackson’s position on nullification?

Answer 63

He believed that the Federal Union needed to be upheld. The moment states started believing that they were more powerful than the federal government, Jackson believed that we’d be back to the Articles of Confederation era, where the government could do nothing.

Question 64

Answer the question with the best available option:

What was the Proclamation to the People of South Carolina?

A. Issued by President James Monroe in 1832 to warn the people of South Carolina that the Union could not be dissolved
B. Issued by President Martin Van Buren in 1832 to warn the people of South Carolina that the Union could not be dissolved
C. Issued by President Andrew Jackson in 1832 to warn the people of South Carolina that the Union could not be dissolved
D. None of the above

Answer 64

C. Issued by President Andrew Jackson in 1832 to warn the people of South Carolina that the Union could not be dissolved

Question 65

What was the main cause of the Panic of 1837?

Answer 65

Britain was experiencing an economic slowdown, causing their manufacturers to buy less American cotton. This caused cotton prices to fall sharply. American banks could not collect on the loans they had made to cotton growers, causing hundreds of banks to go bankrupt.

Question 66

What did people blame for the economic crisis of 1819?

Answer 66

The National Bank

Question 67

Fill in the blanks:

In 1832, Jackson ________ the bill to renew the Bank’s charter. He won the 1832 election while opposing the Bank, which closed when its charter ran out in ______.

Answer 67

vetoed, 1836

Question 68

Fill in the blanks:

Congress passed a law in 1828 raising _________. It helped northern manufacturers, but _____________ felt the law was unfair and called it the “Tariff of ______________.”

Answer 68

tariffs, southerners, Abominations

Question 69

Who had a strong argument against nullification?

Hint: He was talked about in earlier flashcards.

Answer 69

Daniel Webster - He argued that the Union was formed by the entire American people, not the states

Question 70

Provide the definition of the term:

William Henry Harrison

Answer 70

Whig candidate for president in 1840 who defeated Van Buren by portraying himself as a “man of the people”

Question 71

Fill in the blanks:

After Congress passed another tariff in 1832, ________________ voted to nullify the tariffs. It threatened to ________ if the federal government interfered. Federal threats to use force to collect the tariffs as well as a lowering of the _________ led South Carolina to vote to repeal its tariff nullification.

Answer 71

South Carolina, secede, tariffs

Question 72

What was the main thing that ruined Martin Van Buren’s presidency?

Answer 72

The Panic of 1837