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American History 7 - McQuaid > Chapter 8 Review > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Review Flashcards

This deck of flashcards will review all things learned in Chapter 8.

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1
Q

What is an inauguration?

A

A ceremony in which the President takes the oath of office

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2
Q

What is the name of this secretary, and what department did he run?

A
  1. Alexander Hamilton
  2. Treasury
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3
Q

If you set the precedent for something, what are you doing?

A

You are setting an example to be followed by others in the future

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4
Q

Directions: After being provided the definition, name the term.

Contrary to what is permitted by the Constitution.

A

Unconstitutional

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5
Q

What is a bond?

A

A certificate issued by a government for an amount of money that the government promises to pay back with interest

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6
Q

What is a tariff?

A

A tax on imported goods

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7
Q

What is the name of this secretary, and what department did he run?

A
  1. Thomas Jefferson
  2. State
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8
Q

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct answer.

To ________ is to place a burden on something or someone.

A

impose

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9
Q

What is a speculator?

A

Someone who invests in a risky venture in the hope of making a large profit

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10
Q

Directions: Answer the question with the best available option.

If you are to invest, you are…

A. Purchasing something with the hope that its value will sink
B. Selling something with the hope that its value will grow
C. Purchasing something with the hope that its value will grow
D. None of the above

A

C. Purchasing something with the hope that its value will grow

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11
Q

This image is an example of what?

A

A bond

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12
Q

Why was there such a large public debt when Washington became president?

A

The Revolutionary War was the cause of this huge debt. Americans and foreigners had invested in bonds to help the war effort.

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13
Q

What is the name of this secretary, and what department did he run?

A
  1. Henry Knox
  2. War
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14
Q

What was Hamilton’s three part plan to solve the country’s financial crisis?

A
  1. The U.S. government would agree to pay all federal and state debts
  2. The U.S. government would charter a national bank for depositing government funds
  3. The government would impose a high tax on goods imported into the country
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15
Q

What was the cause of the Whiskey Rebellion?

A

Farmers thought that having to pay a tax on the whiskey they produced from their extra corn was too heavy a burden. They compared it to the hated taxes that Britain had imposed on the colonies before the Revolution.

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16
Q

The first job of the President and Congress was to put _______________________________.

A

a working government in place

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17
Q

Directions: True or false? If false, correct the statement.

During Washington’s presidency, there were three executive departments approved by Congress.

A

True

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18
Q

What did Washington’s cabinet consist of?

A

Three secretaries that headed each department, and an attorney general to advise Washington on legal matters

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19
Q

Directions: Answer the question with the best available option.

What provided for a Supreme Court of 6 justices, 3 circuit courts, and 13 district courts?

A. The Judiciary Act of 1779
B. The Judiciary Act of 1789
C. The Impressment Term of 1779
D. The Impressment Term of 1789

A

B. The Judiciary Act of 1789

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20
Q

Directions: True or false? If false, correct the statement.

Many northerners opposed the plan to repay state debts because the American Revolution did not last long in the north, so most northern states had already payed off their debts.

A

False. Many southerners opposed the plan to repay state debts because the American Revolution did not last long in the south, so most southern states had already payed off their debts.

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21
Q

Part two of Hamilton’s plan suggested that the U.S. would create a national bank. Why was there conflict over this?

A

Some people had a loose interpretation of the Constitution, while others had a strict one.

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22
Q

What was the only part of Hamilton’s plan that did not get passed?

A

The 3rd part

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23
Q

Directions: After being provided the definition, name the term.

An uncomplimentary word used to describe an organized political group.

A

Faction

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24
Q

Who is on the two dollar bill?

A

Thomas Jefferson

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25
Q

Directions: Answer the question with the best available option.

Who warned that the “spirit of faction” might work like a spark to bring mob rule and chaos?

A. James Madison
B. Thomas Jefferson
C. Alexander Hamilton
D. John Adams

A

C. Alexander Hamilton

26
Q

Directions: True or false? If false, correct the statement.

John Adams was elected President in 1796, and his Vice President was Thomas Jefferson.

A

True

27
Q

Regardless of how the nation’s leaders felt, two political parties developed in the United States. What were their names, and who were the leaders?

A
  1. Democratic Republicans - Thomas Jefferson and James Madison were the leaders
  2. Federalists - Alexander Hamilton and John Adams were the leaders
28
Q

George Washington disliked political parties, but was considered a federalist because he usually supported _________ and his policies.

A

Hamilton

29
Q

Why was the outcome of the election of 1796 so bizarre?

A

There was a Federalist President and a Democratic Republican Vice President.

30
Q

If you were a farmer (northern or southern) or an artisan, would you be more willing to support Federalists or Republicans?

A

Republicans, as they emphasized agriculture

31
Q

List the three main groups of people that supported Federalists.

A
  1. Merchants
  2. Property owners
  3. Workers in manufacturing and trade
32
Q

Directions: True or false? If false, correct the statement.

Federalists favored a strong central government.

A

True

33
Q

Did the Federalists or the Republicans favor close ties with France?

A

Republicans

34
Q

In the 1796 election, who were the other candidates running for President?

A
  • Thomas Pinckney - Federalist
  • Aaron Burr - Republican
35
Q

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the best answer.

Republicans favored strong ______ governments, while Federalists favored a strong _________ government.

A

state, central

36
Q

What is impressment?

A

Seizing sailors and forcing them to serve in the British navy

37
Q

Who was Anthony Wayne?

A

An American general who was in charge at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794

38
Q

If you are not favoring either side in a dispute, you are what?

A

Neutral

39
Q

Who was John Jay?

A

President Washington sent him to Britain to try and solve the problems between the two nations

40
Q

How were the conflicting claims of settlers and Native Americans in the Northwest Territory resolved?

A

Some Native Americans permitted for their land to be bought. However, for those Native Americans who didn’t, leaders like General Anthony Wayne engaged in a series of battles. Eventually, the 1795 Treaty of Greenville is created.

41
Q

How did the Federalists and the Republicans react to Jay’s Treaty?

A

Federalists liked the treaty because it kept peace with Britain, while Republicans were angered because they claimed that the U.S. had given away too much and gotten too little

42
Q

What were Washington’s chief accomplishments as president?

A
  1. The United States now had a functioning federal government
  2. The economy was improving
  3. Washington had avoided war
  4. The British had been forced to leave their forts in the Northwest Territory
43
Q

George Washington’s Farewell Address can be summed up in two simple points. What are they?

A

Unity at home, neutrality abroad

44
Q

Directions: True or false? If false, correct the statement.

A decade after the American Revolution, British troops still occupied forts in the Northwest Territory.

A

True

45
Q

The British were supplying Native Americans with _____ and ____________ to help limit American ____________.

A

guns, ammunition, settlement

46
Q

When Britain and France were at war, they both began __________ American ships and _________ their cargoes. The British made matters worse by the _____________ of the ships’ sailors.

A

stopping, seizing, impressment

47
Q

In Jay’s Treaty, what did the Americans agree to, and what did the British agree to?

A
  • The Americans agreed to pay debts long owed to British merchants
  • The British agreed to pay for the ships it had seized in the war against France, to get their soldiers out of the Northwest Territory, and to stop helping the Native Americans

Added Information:

Jay’s Treaty, signed in 1794, was a treaty between the United States and Great Britain that sought to settle outstanding issues remaining since the Treaty of Paris of 1783, which had ended the Revolutionary War. Negotiated by Supreme Court Chief Justice John Jay, the treaty resolved issues such as the British occupation of northern forts, American debts owed to British creditors, and compensation for American ships seized by the British. The treaty was controversial, provoking widespread protest from those who felt it made too many concessions to Britain, but it averted the risk of another war and was significant in maintaining a tenuous peace with Britain during a period of ongoing European conflict. It also helped establish a framework for handling American-British relations and maritime disputes for the next decade.

48
Q

Directions: Answer the statement with the best available option.

During the negotiation of Jay’s Treaty, the British did not agree to respect the United States’ neutral trading rights, and the British refused to end…

A. Slavery
B. Sedition
C. Neutrality
D. Impressment

A

D. Impressment

49
Q

What is an alien?

A

An outsider or someone from another country

50
Q

To _________ is to deprive something of its legal force.

A

nullify

51
Q

Directions: True or false? If false, correct the statement.

A sedition is an activity designed to overthrow a government.

A

True

52
Q

What did Adams do to try and settle our differences with France?

A
  1. Adams sent a mission to France, consisting of Gerry, Marshall, and Pinckney. They were supposed to meet with a French diplomat, Talleyrand, and negotiate solutions to the problems between the nations.
  2. However, the American delegates were not approached by Talleyrand. Instead, three of his agents, later code-named “X,” “Y,” and “Z”. The french agents demanded that to even begin negotiations, they would have to pay substantial bribes to French officials and provide France with a large loan. In response to this diplomatic insult, Adams strengthened the U.S. Navy, leading to an undeclared naval conflict known as the Quasi-War with France.
53
Q

What did the Alien Act do?

A

It increased the duration from 5 to 14 years that a person had to live in the U.S. to become a citizen, and it gave the President the power to deport or imprison any alien he considered dangerous

54
Q

What was the main reason that the Alien Act was passed?

A

Federalists were afraid that French immigrants would become citizens and vote for the Republicans (as they favored France).

Explanation:

France was in the middle of a bloody revolution. In any country where war is occuring, the residents try to flee to a safer place. In the time period this is taking place, a perfect land area to settle would be the United States of America, the land of opportunity. If more French people came into the country, then they would most likely vote for the party that favors them the most, which at the time would be the Republicans.

55
Q

What did the Sedition Act do?

A

It made it a crime for anyone to write or say anything insulting or false about the President, Congress, or the government in general

56
Q

List the two main reasons why the Republicans were unable to do anything about the Alien and Sedition Acts when they were passed in 1798.

A
  1. The majority of the government was controlled by the Federalists, so if they wanted a law, then it would get passed
  2. It was not clearly established that the Supreme Court had the power to strike down a law as unconstitutional
57
Q

Directions: True or false? If false, correct the statement.

Between 1798-99, many Federalists were convicted under the Sedition Act.

A

False. Between 1798-99, many Republicans were convicted under the Sedition Act.

58
Q

Directions: After being provided the definition, name the term.

The idea that the union binding “these United States” is an agreement between the states and that they therefore can overrule federal law.

A

states’ rights

59
Q

Directions: Answer the statement with the best available option.

“Millions for defense, but not one sixpence for tribute,” was a popular slogan during the…

A. Sedition Act
B. XYZ Affair
C. Kentucky Resolution
D. All of the above

A

B. XYZ Affair

60
Q

Directions: True or false? If false, correct the statement.

The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions were supported by a majority of the states.

A

False. The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions were not supported by a majority of the states.

61
Q

How did the Sedition Act violate the 1st Amendment?

A

It made certain types of speech, writing, and expression criminal, which violated the 1st Amendment.

62
Q

Why did the Supreme Court fail to strike the Sedition Act down as unconstitutional?

A

The concept of judiciary power was not established yet.

Added Information:

During the period that the Sedition Act was in force, there was no prior case for the Supreme Court to look back on. As a result, they didn’t know they could directly challenge federal legislation.

American History 7 - McQuaid (13 decks)

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