Chapter 9: Participant Centered Intruction

Question 1

Motor Learning

Answer 1

a relatively permanent change in the ability to execute a motor skill as a result of practice or experience

Question 2

Cognitive Domain

Answer 2

describes the brain’s ability to gather, retain, apply, and evaluate information and knowledge

Question 3

Affective Domain

Answer 3

describes emotional behaviors, beliefs, values, and attitudes

Question 4

Psychomotor Domain

Answer 4

refers to those activities requiring utilization and coordination of motor skills

Question 5

cognitive stage of learning

Answer 5

first stage, movements are slow, inconsistent, and inefficient

benefit from regressions, cues that are concise and direct

Question 6

associative stage of learning

Answer 6

second stage, reached after the individual has practiced a skill and become more proficient. Movements become more fluid, reliable, and comfortable.

Benefit from individual, specific, and positive feedback

Question 7

autonomous stage of learning

Answer 7

third stage, skill becomes automatic or habitual. Movements are accurate, consistent, and efficient.

Benefit from progressions and motivational cues

Question 8

Visual learning style

Answer 8

See, watch observe

model proper execution of movement, to include body positioning, range of motion, and overall technique

Question 9

Auditory learning style

Answer 9

listen, hear

project clear, direct, specific, and concise verbal cues

Question 10

Kinesthetic learning style

Answer 10

physically perform, do

encourage movement performance and point out sensations experienced during movement, how does it feel?

Question 11

Regression: Stability

Answer 11

Increase the stability/base of support
- wide base of support/stance
- more points of contact
- hold on to external support

ex. body weight squat, regressed to body weight squat supported by a suspension trainer

Question 12

Progression: stability

Answer 12

Reduce stability/base of support
- narrower base of support
- fewer points of contact (alternating arms/legs, single leg)
- unstable surface

ex. body weight squat progressed to single leg squat on stepper

Question 13

Regression: Load

Answer 13

Degrease load
- remove or decrease resistance

ex. stationary lunge regressed to stationary lunge supported by a suspension trainer

Question 14

Progression: Load

Answer 14

Increase load
- increase resistance

ex. stationary lunge progressed to stationary lunge with dumbbells

Question 15

Regression: Range of Motion

Answer 15

Decrease range of motion
- decrease level length (bend elbows or knees)

ex. bicycle crunch regressed to bicycle crunch with decreased lever length

Question 16

Progression: range of motion

Answer 16

increase range of motion
- increase level length (extend elbows or knees)

ex. bicycle crunch progressed to bicycle crunch with increased level length

Question 17

Regression: movement complexity

Answer 17

decrease complexity
- static

ex. bear crawl regressed to holding a crouch

Question 18

progression: movement complexity

Answer 18

increase complexity
- dynamic (movement or traveling)

ex. bear crawl progressed to bear crawl sideways

Question 19

regression: plane of motion/movement

Answer 19

reduced movement
- sagittal plane (feet fixed in place)

ex. forward lunge regressed to stationary lunge

Question 20

progression: plane of motion/movement

Answer 20

multiplanar
- frontal plane (lateral. movement)
- transverse plane (rotational movement)

ex. forward lunge progressed to curtsy lunge in transverse plane

Question 21

exercise progression continuum: stability

Answer 21

floor -> half foam roller -> unstable surface

Question 22

exercise progression continuum: lower body

Answer 22

two legs on a stable surface -> staggered stance on a stable surface -> single leg on a stable surface -> two legs on an unstable surface -> staggered stance on an unstable surface -> single leg on an unstable surface

Question 23

exercise progression continuum: upper body

Answer 23

two arms -> alternating arms -> single arm -> single arm + trunk rotation

Question 24

Posture: Frontal view

Answer 24

• feet should be shoulder width apart with weight evenly distributed
• overall symmetry between right and left side
• arms should hang with equal space
• kneecaps oriented forward

Question 25

Posture: sagittal view

Answer 25

• head suspended with ears in line with shoulders
• maintain 3 natural curves of spine
• knees unlocked or soft

Question 26

Triple F

Answer 26

form, function, and fit (target muscles)