Chapter 11: Offering Group Fitness Classes in Diverse Settings

Question 1

Environmental Temperature-Related Illnesses: Heat Cramps

Answer 1

Muscle spasms in the arms, legs, and stomach due to loss of electrolytes and fluids.

Painful cramps, loss of strength, thirst and dehydration.

No EMS, but medical attention may be necessary if vomiting and nausea occur

Question 2

Environmental Temperature-Related Illnesses: Heart Exahustion

Answer 2

Heat-related illness attributed to hot, humid temperatures and the loss of electrolytes and fluids

weak, rapid pulse; low blood pressure; fatigue; headache; dizziness; weakness; cold, clammy skin; profuse sweating; dehydration; elevated core temperature

Possible EMS if symptoms progress and participants temperature is not decreasing.

Question 3

Environmental Temperature-Related Illnesses: Heat Stroke

Answer 3

medical emergency and the most serious heat-related illness resulting from overexposure to heat

hot, dry skin; red skin color; rapid pulse; anxiety; irritability; dyspnea; dehydration; elevated core temperature; syncope

yes ems

Question 4

Environmental Temperature-Related Illnesses: Hypothermia

Answer 4

A drop in body temperature below 95 degrees

shivering, tingling, numbness in fingers and toes, burning feeling in nose and ears. Extreme exposure can result in fatigue, lethargy, and possible cardiac arrest

possible ems if symptoms progress to extreme, or if participants temperature is not rising

Question 5

fluid replacement recommendations before exercise

Answer 5

drink 5-7 ml/kg at least 4 hours before exercises

if urine is not produced or is very dark, drink another 3-5 ml/kg two hours before exercise

sodium containing beverages or salted snacks will help retain fluid

Question 6

fluid replacement recommendations during exercise

Answer 6

monitor individual body weight changes during exercise to estimate sweat loss

composition of fluid should include 20-30 mEq/L of sodium, 2-5 mEq/L of potassium, and 5-10% of carbohydrate

prevent a >2% loss in body weight

amount and rate of fluid replacement depends on individual sweating rate, environment, and exercise duration.

Question 7

fluid replacement recommendations after exercise

Answer 7

consumption of normal meals and beverages will restore euhydration

if rapid recovery is needed drink 1.5 L/kg of body weight lost

goal is to fully replace fluid and electrolyte deficits

consuming sodium will help recovery by stimulating thirst and fluid retention