Chapter 13: Making Participant Safety A Priority Flashcards
Sprain
Tearing or overstretching of a ligament, joint capsule, and/or connective tissue. The ankle and knee are common locations for sprains.
Swelling, pain, joint instability, joint stiffness, immobility, and possible discoloration.
EMS if the person is not able to move safely.
Strain
tearing or overstretching of a muscle or tendon. Shoulders and hamstrings are common locations for strains.
Swelling, pain, local tenderness, possible discoloration, and loss of strength and ROM
EMS if person is not able to move safely.
Compound Fracture
Bone fracture resulting in an open wound.
Bony protrusion, bleeding, and possible shock.
EMS, especially if there is heavy bleeding.
Contusion
A bruise formed from an acute, traumatic blow to the body.
Soft tissue hemorrhage, hematoma, and restricted ROM
EMS, if person sustains a blow to the head or possible internal bleeding.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Painful condition of the hand and fingers caused by compression of the median nerve in the wrist.
Numbness and tingling in the hands.
Stretch the wrist, fingers, and forearm. Maintain neutral wrist alignment. Avoid load bearing wrist flexion and extension. Change the angle of wrist flexion based on participant comfort.
Tendinitis
Inflammation of a tendon due to overuse.
Tenderness, localized or dispersed pain, and loss of strength.
When tendons are inflamed, allow time for rest. Avoid exercises that cause pain. Perform ROM movements at affected joints to maintain mobility.
Bursitis
Inflammation of a bursa sac near a tendon or joint.
Swelling, pain, and some loss of function.
Avoid performing one movement or activity for extended periods of time. Progress intensity and load slowly. Focus on proper posture and ROM.
Plantar Fascitis
Inflammation of the plantar surface of the foot.
Pain and tightness under the foot may worsen with weight bearing.
Avoid high-impact exercises during flare ups. Stretch the feet and toes before and after exercise. Strengthening exercises might be suggested by a physician or physical therapist.
Shin Splints
Pain or inflammation of the soft tissues along the shin bone from repetitive loading.
Bone and soft tissue tenderness and pain during and after activity.
Reduce or avoid high-impact exercises during flare ups.
IT Band Friction Syndrome
Inflammatory overuse condition in which the IT band rubs against the lateral femoral epicondyle
Pain, burning, or tightness during running, cycling, or multidirectional movements along the outside of the knee.
Avoid aggravating activities if pain is present. Focus on exercises that strengthen the hip and gluteal muscles.
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
Lateral deviation of the patella during knee extension that causes painful contact between the patella and femur.
Tenderness, pain, swelling, and discomfort during activity.
Avoid exercises that compress the patella against the femur.
Impingements
When a muscle, tendon, or nerve pinches between bony structures, common areas are the shoulder and the spine.
Local pain and tenderness, burning sensation, loss of ROM and mobility, and muscle weakness.
Avoid exercises that place stress or pressure on the affected area. Avoid overhead movements, which place stress on the shoulder. Recommend the participant rest the affected area.
Heart Attack
Caused by an obstruction or blockage of blood flow to the heart.
Pain in chest, arms, back ,new, or jaw. Labored or difficulty breathing, nausea, anxiety, lightheadedness, sweating, fatigue, and syncope.
Yes EMS
Exercise-induced brochoconstriction
Swelling, inflammation, or narrowing of the airways that inhibits breathing.
Irregular or labored breathing or wheezing, sweating and paleness, excessive throat clearing, coughing for no apparent reason, anxious appearance, and breathing with pursed lips.
Yes EMS if person not able to relieve the symptoms with medication and especially if breathing becomes labored or person loses consciousness.
Choking
When an object obstructs the airway.
Coughing, loss of speech, pale or blueish skin, and syncope.
Yes EMS
