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ugh > Chapter 9- Natural Laws and Car Control > Flashcards

Chapter 9- Natural Laws and Car Control Flashcards

1
Q

active restraint device

A

a device you must engage, such as a safety belt

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2
Q

blowout

A

when all the air escapes the tire at once

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3
Q

braking distance

A

the distance your vehicle travels from the time you apply the brake until you stop

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4
Q

center of gravity

A

the point around which an object’s weight is evenly distributed

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5
Q

energy of motion

A

kinetic energy

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6
Q

force of impact

A

the force with which a moving object hits another object

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7
Q

friction

A

the force that acts between materials as they move past each other

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8
Q

gravity

A

the force that pulls all things to Earth

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9
Q

inertia

A

objects at rest tend to stay at rest and objects in motion tend to stay in motion unless acted on by an unbalanced force

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10
Q

momentum

A

the inertia of an object in motion

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11
Q

passive restraint device

A

a device that works automatically, such as an airbag

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12
Q

perception distance

A

the distance your vehicle travels during your perception time

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13
Q

perception time

A

the length of time it takes you to identify a hazard, predict a conflict, and decide to brake

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14
Q

pitch

A

a tilting motion from front to back

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15
Q

reaction distance

A

the distance your vehicle travels while you react

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16
Q

reaction time

A

once you identify a hazard, the length of time it takes you to apply the brake

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17
Q

total stopping distance

A

the distance your car travels from the time you first perceive a hazard until you stop

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18
Q

traction

A

a form of friction; happens when tires roll over the surface of the road

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19
Q

tread

A

the grooved surface of the tire

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20
Q

vehicle balance

A

distribution of a vehicle’s weight on its tires as they contact the ground

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21
Q

What is a vehicle’s energy of motion proportional to?

A

it’s weight and the square of its speed

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22
Q

What does gravity affect?

A

driving up and down hills

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23
Q

What must tires be to provide the most traction?

A

have good tread and be inflated properly

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24
Q

What is a vehicle’s center of gravity affected by?

A

weight and load

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25
Q

What is control in curves affected by?

A

speed, the sharpness of the curve, the shape of the roadway, and vehicle load

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26
Q

What does total stopping distance include?

A

perception distance, reaction distance, and braking distance

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27
Q

What is braking distance affected by?

A

the driver’s ability to see and react, vehicle speed, condition of the vehicle and road surface, momentum, and vehicle load

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28
Q

What is the force of impact determined by?

A

vehicle’s speed and weight, and the time between impact and stopping

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29
Q

What does the proper use of restraint devices do?

A

protect against injury in collisions

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30
Q

What does the amount of momentum depend on?

A

the object’s weight and speed

31
Q

A vehicle’s energy of motion changes in proportion to the…

A

weight of the vehicle, and the square of its speed

32
Q

Traction is used to…

A

control speed, steer, and brake

33
Q

Footprint

A

the place where a tire tread touches the road

34
Q

What do the grooves in the tread do when it’s raining?

A

water flows through the grooves in the tread and away from the tire, allowing the tire to grip the road

35
Q

What does tire size affect? What should you do?

A

affects tread and traction on the road; should check the owners manual for max tire size

36
Q

What will an uninflated tire do?

A

only grip with the outer edges, wear out quickly, accept less stress, and is more likely to heat up and fail

37
Q

What will an overinflated tire do?

A

only grip with the center of the tread and will wear out faster

38
Q

What will changing temperatures do for tire pressure?

A

cold weather decreases, hot weather increases

39
Q

What should you do for your tires regularly? When?

A

check the tire pressure but only before you’ve driven

40
Q

What will happen if the steering and braking requirements of traction exceed the amount available?

A

the vehicle will skid and you may lose control

41
Q

What does all-wheel drive mean?

A

all wheels have pulling power

42
Q

What are the three things that are required to have good traction?

A

1) vehicle has to be in good condition, 2) road surface must be smooth and clear, 3) your actions must maximize traction

43
Q

Traction and control will be reduced if you allow what to wear?

A

tires, shock absorbers, or parts of the steering system

44
Q

What are dangerous and could suffer a blowout?

A

bald tires

45
Q

What will worn shock absorbers do?

A

cause tires to bounce on a rough road

46
Q

When will traction be reduced?

A

when you drive on a gravel road or a road with snow or rain

47
Q

What will freeze first?

A

bridges and shaded areas

48
Q

What do you do when you see the road condition about to change?

A

slow down, test it, and if need be slow down even more

49
Q

How can you maximize traction?

A

steer, accelerate, and brake gently and smoothly

50
Q

When is the only time a vehicle is in complete balance?

A

when it is not moving

51
Q

When you balance something on your finger, where is your finger?

A

directly under the center of gravity

52
Q

Where is the center of gravity in a car?

A

more toward the front and wheels

53
Q

What type of cars tend to have a higher center of gravity?

A

SUVs, pickups, and vans

54
Q

What can raise the center of gravity?

A

carrying heavy cargo and installing large tires

55
Q

What do you do if you lose traction in your front tires from applying the brake?

A

don’t accelerate or apply brakes, just look and steer toward your target

56
Q

Yaw

A

turn clockwise or counterclockwise

57
Q

When may your vehicle yaw?

A

when your rear vehicles lose traction

58
Q

What are the 3 common roadway shapes?

A

level, crowned, and banked

59
Q

Crowned surface pro and con

A

rain drains quick and easy, but you don’t get as much traction on a curve

60
Q

What kind of roadway will help you overcome inertia on a turn?

A

banked with the outside raised, because gravity pulls you into the curve

61
Q

What should you do when stopping quickly?

A

1) perceive, 2) react, and 3) brake to a safe stop

62
Q

You should always be able to stop within…

A

the distance you can see ahead

63
Q

What is the average perception time for alert drivers?

A

3/4 of a second

64
Q

Perception time varies based on…

A

visibility, alertness, and your line of sight

65
Q

What factors affect braking distance?

A

driver ability, speed, vehicle condition, roadway surfact, hills, and vehicle weight

66
Q

What determines force of impact?

A

speed, weight, and time between initial impact and stopping distance

67
Q

Which has the higher force of impact- if you hit a wall of if you hit a bush

A

wall because you’re going to be stopped completely then and there

68
Q

What do safety belts do?

A

distribute the force of impact to the strong areas of your body- the pelvis, shoulders, and chest

69
Q

Advanced airbags

A

airbags that deploy with the appropriate amount of speed based on sensors that collect information

70
Q

How far away from the hub of the steering wheel should you be?

A

10 inches

71
Q

Crush zone

A

the front and back of the vehicle that are designed to absorb impact

72
Q

What are bumpers designed for?

A

less than 5 mph of impact without damage

73
Q

Side impact panels

A

help absorb crash energy and reduce objects penetrating the passenger compartment

ugh (42 decks)

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