chapter 9 - Muscular System Flashcards
1
Q
Function
A
Movement (bone)
2
Q
Types
A
- Smooth
- Cardiac
- Skeletal
3
Q
Smooth
A
- Not Striated (not stripped)
- involuntary
> automatic nervous system controls it - Strong and long contractions
> Contract in spiral or corkscrew
> Keeps things moving (food, air, blood)
4
Q
Cardiac
A
- Striated
- involuntary
- Most important organ (heart)
- nerves con speed up or down
- Conducting system
- Damaged cells can’t regenerate
5
Q
Conducting system
A
Heart cells contract as a unit
6
Q
Skeleletal
A
- Striated
- voluntary
- Moves skeleton
- Maintains pasture and stabilize joints
- Made of sacromeres
- Produce most of heat in body
- Limited capacity
7
Q
Muscle Rules
A
- Muscles must have at least 2 attachments and cross at least one joint
- except face and pelvis
- Muscles ALWAYS pull together
- Contract and relax
- Origin (original position)
- Insertion
- Muscle fibers (striations) always point to attachment
8
Q
Origin
A
- Anchors the muscle
- Usually proximal
9
Q
Insertion
A
- Moves the bone
- Usually distal
10
Q
Z-Line
A
Actin filaments anchor
11
Q
A - Band
A
length of the myosin
12
Q
I - Band
A
Space between myosin
13
Q
H - Zone
A
Space between actin
14
Q
Contracted muscle
A
- Calcium ions flood sacromere
- myosin heads stand up, grab H-xone and I-zone get
smaller
- myosin heads stand up, grab H-xone and I-zone get
15
Q
To relax muscle
A
Calcium ions moves out of sacromere with help from ATP, ATP relaxes myosin
16
Q
Movement of Muscles
A
- Flexor
- Extensor
- Muscles work in opposing pairs
> Primary mover
> Antagonist - Striation patterns and strength
1. Big end if Origin
2. Greater force
3. rule of 4 F’s
4. Hypertrophy
5. Atrophy
17
Q
Flexor
A
Ventral to ventral
18
Q
Extensor
A
Dorsal to Dorsal
19
Q
Primary Mover
A
Muscles that is pulling (protagonist)
20
Q
Antagonist
A
relaxed when primary is contracted
21
Q
Rule of 4 F’s
A
- Fan shaped
- Fossa
- Force
- Fleshy
