Chapter 7 - Integumentary System & Body Temp. Flashcards
Skin
Cutaneous membrane
- Larger organ
Epidermis
Stratified squamous
- Avascular
- Stratus corneum
- Stratus germanatirum
- cells push upwards towards the surface, replacing the dead cells
- keratinization
- Melanocytes
Stratus corneum
- About 30 layers of dead sells
- Flake off (Think dandruff)
Stratus germanatirum
- Layer of continuously dividing (mitosis) cells
- Makes million of new cells every day
keratinization
- Tough protein deposited with in cells (keratin)
- Makes skin waterproof.
Melanocytes
Deep in epidermis
- Contains melanin
- Everyone has same amount
- NV Light
- Albinism
- Vitiligo
- Freckles and moles
Contains melanin
skin darkening pigment
NV Light
causes secretion of more melanin
Albinism
- Lack of melanin
- Genetic
Vitiligo
Patchy spot laking pigment
Freckles and moles
- Concentrated spots of melanocytes
- Normal to have approximately 10 to 20 moles
- Moles can become melanoma (cancer)
Cancers Moles
- Asymmetry
(Circle is good, a line or triangle is bad)
- Borders of uneven (bumpy)
- Color
(Red, blue or black)
- Diameter
(larger than pencil eraser)Dermis
Dense fibrous CT
- Accesory structures
>Hair, glands, Nails
- Vascular; blood-vessels, nerves, some muscle
- NervesSubcutaneous
Hypo dermis
- Loose CT and adipose (fat)
- cushion and insulin
Anchors skin to underlying structures
knuckles, knees, and elbows don’t have much subcutaneous layer
Layers
- Epidermis
- Dermis
- Subcutaneous
Functions
- Absorption
- Color
- Hair
- Glands
Absorption
- Chemicals, drugs, toxins, etc.
- Wear gloves and masks to prevent
Color
Can be indicator
- Cyanosis
- Flushed
- Pallor
- Ecchmosis
- Jaundice
- Carotene
Cyanosis
Bluish; poorly oxygenated skin
Pallor
Pale; blood vessels dilate
Ecchmosis
Bruise
Jaundice
Yellow; malfunction of liver
( excess bilirubin )
Carotene
Yellow/orange pigment
Hair
Warm, protection, influenced by sex hormones
- Root in follicle ( under skin )
- Shaft ; outside of head/skin
- Color - Based off genetics, age, environment
- Wavy, Carly, or Straight
- Reveals drugs, chemicals, poisons
- Provides heat
Wavy, Carly, or Straight
Depends on shape of shaft
- Round = Straight
- Oval = Wavy
- Flat = Curly
Arrector pili
Causes skin to rise and hair to stand ( goose bumps ) to keep heat in.
Glands
Exocrine ; secrete outside the body
- Sebacons
- Sweat glands
- Extra glands
- Blackheads : Blocked glads; sebum hardens
- Pimples : Blocked and staphy locous
Sebacons
Oils
- lubricate and keep water proof
Sweat glands
Sudoriferious
- 3 million
- apocrine
- eccrine
Apocrine
Associated with hair in axillary and genital areas…… result of puberty
Eccrine
More numerous
- Temp. control
- Evaporate for cool
- Can make one gallon of sweat per hour
Extra glands
- Ceremonious
- Mammary
Ceremonious
Cerumen ( earwax)
Mammary
Breast (milk)
Burns
Rules of Nines
- Determins % of body burned
1st degree burn
- Sunburn
- red, painful, swollen
- Only epidermis is involved
2nd degree burn
- redness, pain, edema, blister, tan, white, purple
- involves epidermis and dermis within the damage to dermis
3rd degree burn
- Painless because if destroys nerve endings
- Tan, white, brown, block, deep purple, deep cheery red
- Epidermis and dermis are destroyed and potentially damaged to underlying layers.
