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Biomed > Chapter 10-12 - Nervous > Flashcards

Chapter 10-12 - Nervous Flashcards

1
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A
  • Brain : Landmarks
  • Cerebrum
  • Cerebellum
  • Brain Stem
  • Diencephalon
  • Linbic
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2
Q

Brain

A
  1. Gyrus (gyris)
  2. Sulcus (sulci)
  3. Fissure
  4. Hemispheres
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3
Q

Gyrus (gyris)

A

Bumps

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4
Q

Sulcus (sulci)

A

Grooves

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5
Q

Fissure

A

Deep grooves

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6
Q

Hemispheres

A

2 sides ; connected internally at corpus collosum separated by the Longitudinal Fissure.

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7
Q

Cerebrum

A
  • Largest part of brain
    1. Frontal
    2. Parietal
    3. Occipital
    4. Temporal
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8
Q

Frontal

A
  • Output lobe (motor)
    a. personality
    b. morals and othics
    c. ability to form words
    d. skeletal muscle control
    e. Precentral gyrus
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9
Q

Precentral gyrus

A

Site of motor control

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10
Q

Parietal

A
  • Input / sensory
    a. “hard drive” of computer
    1. short term memory (temporary)
    2. Long term memory - with more memories
    because permanent
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11
Q

Occipital

A
  • Sight and vision
    a. sight in 3 dimension
    b. judging distance
    c. can not determine true / false visually
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12
Q

Cerebellum

A
  1. Coordinating voluntary muscle activity

2. Balance

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13
Q

Brain Stem

A
  • 3 parts ; relay station
    1. Mid-brain
    2. Pons
    3. Medulla Oblongata
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14
Q

Mid-Brian

A

relay for visual

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15
Q

Pons

A

“Pooch” ; relaying for breathing

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16
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

extend down through foreman magnum to C2

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17
Q

vital Functions

A

Heart rate, respiration, blood pressure, coughing, sneezing, swallow, and vomiting.

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18
Q

Diencephalon

A
  1. Thalamus
  2. Hypothalamus
    a. pituitary
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19
Q

Thalamus

A

Relay for sensory input

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20
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Control for autonomic reaction ; regulate body temperature, water balance, thirst, appetite, sexual response, emotional

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21
Q

Pituitary

A

Gland, master endocrine gland, stimulated by hypothalamus

22
Q

Limbic

A
  • Emotional
    1. Hippocampus
    2. Amygdala
23
Q

Cerebro Spinal Fluid

A
  • CSF
    • Pumped by ventricles to oxygenate and remove waste
    • Contains H2O, glucose, Na+, CI-
    • Makes 500 ml every 24 hrs.
    • Blockage causes accumulation of fluid that puts pressure on brain
24
Q

Blood Brain Barrier

A

Glial celis prevent harmful chemicals and blood from entering CSF and CNS

25
Q

Alcohol

A

Is the toxic substance that can cross Blood Brain Barrier

26
Q

Peripheral Nervoues System

A
  • PNS
    a. Neuralgia
    b. Neurons
  • Functions
    1. Dendrite
    2. Cell body
    3. Hillock
    4. Axon
    5. Axon Terminal
    6. Synaps
27
Q

Neuralgia

A
  • Nerve glue
    • support, protect, insulate, and nourish neurons
    • found in CNS but do not conduct nerve impulses
28
Q

Neurons

A

Transmit electrical signals in PNS

29
Q

The Three Parts of Neurons

A
  1. Cell body
  2. Dendrites
  3. Axon
30
Q

Dendrites

A

Receives messages or stimuli

31
Q

Cell Body

A
  • Organelles
    • makes neurotransmitter
      a. Ach - acetychioline ; muscles
      b. Dopamine
      c. Seration
      d. Melatanin
      e. Epinephrine
      f. Nor epinephrine
      g. others - GARA
32
Q

Hillock

A
  • Speed bump

* Stimulus must be strong enough to get past this point.

33
Q

Axon

A

Carries message away from cell body

34
Q

Axon Terminal

A

Releases neurotransmitters

35
Q

Synapse

A

Gap between axon terminal and dendrite

36
Q

PNS Rules

A
  1. Nerves always found in PNS
  2. Sensory nerves always go to central nervous system (afferent)
  3. Sensory nerves always have a cell body (ganglion)
  4. Sensory nerves always enter the dorsal horn
  5. 31 pairs of spinal nerve
  6. 12 pairs of cranial nerves
37
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A
  • Sympathetic

- Para sympathetic

38
Q

Sympathetic

A
  • Fight or Flight ; stress
    1. Heart rate : increase
    2. Airflow : increase
    3. Pupils :dilate
    4. Blood vessels : dilate
    5. Sweat glands : increase
    6. Intestines : slow down
    7. Adrenaline : increase ; epinephrine and norpinephrine
    8. salivary : Thick
    9. Urinary : Relax muscle, constrict sphincter
39
Q

Para Sympathetic

A
  • Feed and Breed ; relax
    1. Heart rate : decreases
    2. Airflow : decreases
    3. Pupils : normal
    4. Blood vessels : normal
    5. Sweet glands : normal
    6. Intestines : increases
    7. Adrenaline : normal
    8. Salivary : watery
    9. Urinary : contract ; sphincter open
40
Q

Cranial Nerve

A
  1. Olfactory
  2. Optic
  3. Oculomotor
  4. Troclear
  5. Trigeminal
  6. Abducens
  7. Facial
  8. Vestibulocochiear
  9. Glossopharysal
  10. Vagus
  11. Accessory
  12. Hypoglossal
41
Q
  1. Olfactory
A
  • Smell

- Sensory

42
Q
  1. Optic
A
  • Vision

- Sensory

43
Q
  1. Oculomotor
A
  • Eye movement

- Motor

44
Q
  1. Troclear
A
  • Roll your eyes up

- Motor

45
Q
  1. Trigeminal
A
  • 3 parts of face
  • Chewing
  • Both
46
Q
  1. Abducens
A
  • Move one eye at a time

- Motor

47
Q
  1. Facial
A
  • 5 parts of face
  • Sensation
  • Both
48
Q
  1. Vestibulocochiear
A
  • Hearing and Balance

- Sensory

49
Q
  1. Glossopharysal
A
  • Tongue and throat
  • Choking, gag reflex
  • Both
50
Q
  1. Vagus
A
  • Contust vital organs

- Both

51
Q
  1. Accessory
A
  • Swallowing / neck and shoulder movement

- Motor

52
Q
  1. Hypoglossal
A
  • Below tongue
  • Stick your tongue out
  • Motor

Biomed (8 decks)

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