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Biomed > Chapter 4 - Metabolism > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Metabolism

A

All the chemical reactions to use raw materials in your body

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2
Q

Catabolism

A

Break down

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3
Q

Anabolism

A

Building up

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4
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Sugars and starches

C O H - elements in carbs

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5
Q

Monosaccharides

A

Simplest form

  1. Glucose
  2. Fructose
  3. Galactose
  4. Deoxyribed
  5. Ribose
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6
Q

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

A

Hexagon

6 carbon sugars

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7
Q

Deoxyribes

Ribose

A

Pentagon

5 carbon sugar

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8
Q

Glucose

A

Most important energy source

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9
Q

Disaccharides

A

Double sugar

Sucrose
Maltose
Lactose

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10
Q

Sucrose

A

Glucose and fructose

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11
Q

Maltose

A

Glucose and glucose

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12
Q

Lactose

A

Glucose and Galactose

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13
Q

Dehydration

A

Joining molecules together

You lose an H2O molecule

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14
Q

Hydrolysis

A

To separate disaccharides you add water

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15
Q

Polysaccharides

A

Multiple glucose (more than 2)

Glycogen
Cellulose

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16
Q

Glycogen

A

Liver and muscles

Animal source

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17
Q

Cellulose

A

Fiber

Plant cell-wall

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18
Q

Uses of glucose

A

Burned as fuel for energy (ATP)

Store for later use as glycogen

Excess sugar converted to lipids that can be stored, can be used later..

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19
Q

Catabolism

A

Breakdown glucose

20
Q

Anaerobic

A

Without oxygen glycolysis

-> 2 ATP -> lactic acidosis

21
Q

Aerobic

A

With oxygen glucose and oxygen

-> 32-38 ATP -> CO2

22
Q

Lipids

A

Fats and oils

CHO (Fewer oxygen)

23
Q

Fats

A

Solid at room temperature

24
Q

Oils

A

Liquid at room temperature

25
Q

Triglycerides

A

Glycerol and 3 fatty acid tails

26
Q

Saturated

A

Maximum # of Hydrogens

-Solid (typically)

27
Q

Unsaturated

A

Double carbon bonds

-liquid (typically)

28
Q

Phospholipid

A

Cell membrane

29
Q

Steroid

A

Cholesterol

HDL - High Density Lipoprotein

LDL - Low Density Lipoprotein

30
Q

Cholesterols

A

Most common steroid

Made in liver (from fatty acids) “can be used to make other steroids”

31
Q

HDL

High Density Lipoprotein

A

“Good cholesterol” helps remove other cholesterol from your blood

More protein than lipid

32
Q

LDL

Low Density Lipoprotein

A

“Bad cholesterol” account for 60-70 % of cholesterol n blood

33
Q

Proteins

A

Most abundant organic molecule in your body

  • muscle
  • gates in cell membrane
  • hemoglobin
  • enzymes
  • antibodies
34
Q

Amino Acids

A

Building blocks of all proteins

35
Q

Peptide bonds

A

Lose a H2O molecule

-polypeptide bonds

•Straight
•bend
•twist
•shape depends on amino acids coded by DNA
(Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic)

36
Q

Essential Amino Acids

A

Body can’t produce these

Consume in your diet

37
Q

Nonessential Amino Acids

A

Liver makes these

Do not have to consume

38
Q

Nitrogen

A

Needs special care

39
Q

Urea

A

Liver takes most of nitrogen and converts it into it

Goes to the kidney, then it filters it out and then adds H2O making urine

Ammon (NH3) harmful to body

40
Q

Nuctecic Acids

A

Protein synthesis and DNA

41
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Blue print for making proteins

A- Adenine \
T- Thymine /
C- Cytosine \
G- Guanine /

42
Q

RNA

A

Ribonucleic Acid

A- Adenine \
U- Uracil /
C- Cytosine \
G- Guanine /

Ribose 5 carbon sugar phosphate group single

43
Q

Steps from DNA to Protein

A

DNA -> m RNA -> t RNA -> Amid Acid chain begins linking to form polypeptide -> protein begins folding -> Releases (RNA) from ribosomes to repeat

44
Q

Steps from DNA to Protein

   DNA
A

Master code

45
Q

Steps from DNA to Protein

   m RNA
A

Messenger RNA, transeriloes DNA (in nucleus)

Travels into cytoplasm and finds a ribosomes

46
Q

Steps from DNA to Protein

   t RNA
A

Transfer RNA, translate Amino Acid sequence

Biomed (8 decks)

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