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Biomed > Chapter 8 - Skeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 8 - Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions

A
  • Support
  • Protection
  • Movement
  • Mineral storage
  • Hematopoisis
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2
Q

Support

A

Framework

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3
Q

Protection

A

Ribs (lungs and heart)

Skull (brain)

Vertebrae (spinal cords)

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4
Q

Movement

A

Muscles pull the bones

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5
Q

Mineral storage

A

Calcium is the most abundant

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6
Q

Hematopoiesis

A
  • Red marrow - stem cells

* Platelets

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7
Q

Red marrow - stem cells

A

Convert to RBC or WBC

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8
Q

Platelets

A

Red marrow in spongy bone and marrow of long bone of childern

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9
Q

Classification

A
  • Spongy bone
  • Compact
  • Growth
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10
Q

Spongy

A

Strong

Has little structures
“Holes” and angles in it

•Supports weight but doesn’t weigh a lot 
•Made of 
   ~Trabecular 
   ~Red marrow 
   ~Lacunae and canal oculi openings
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11
Q

Trabecular

A

Bridges and strats

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12
Q

Spongy bone

~~Red marrow

A

Stem cells; make blood

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13
Q

Compact bone

A

strong bone openings

•Can remodel/head itself 
•Haversion system 
     〰Lamella 
     〰Osteocytes 
     〰Lacunae
     〰Canaliculi 
     〰Haversion
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14
Q

Lamella

A

Ring of cells

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15
Q

Osteocytes

A

Bone cells

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16
Q

Lacunae

A
  • Little lakes

- where osteocytes live

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17
Q

Canaliculi

A

Tiny canals that carry nutrients to lacunae

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18
Q

Haversion

A
  • Central canal

- Carries blood vessels and nerves to lamella

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19
Q

Growth

A

-Inflamed by growth hormones and sex hormones
•over secretion ; gianlism
•under secretion ; dwarfism
(influenced some by genetics)
•injury - cause growth plates to fuse early ; stop
growth

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20
Q

Bone Shapes

A
  • Short bones
  • Long bones
  • Flat bones
  • Irregular bones
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21
Q

Short Bones

A
  • Cube shaped
  • Wrist and ankles
  • Compact outer, spongy inner
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22
Q

Long Bones

A 
-Arms, legs, fingers 
   •epiphysis
   •diaphsis
   •Cartilage 
   •Blood vessels
   •Marrow
   •Periosteum
   •Endometrium
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23
Q

Epiphysis

A

Ends of long bones

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24
Q

Diaphsis

A

Shaft of long bones

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25
Q

Cartilage

A
  • Articular, joins the bones to another surface

- Hyline : protects from rubbing, wears bone down (prevents)

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26
Q

Blood Vessels

A

very vascular

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27
Q

Marrow

A
  • Red Marrow

- Yellow marrow

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28
Q

Marrow

〰Red marrow

A
  • Stems cells,

- makes RBC, WBC, and platelets

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29
Q

Yellow Marrow

A

fat

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30
Q

Peritoneum

A

Dense irregular tissue on the outside of bone

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31
Q

Endostrium

A

Lines the inside of the bone

(medulla cavity)

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32
Q

Flat

A
  • Skull, sternum, scapulae, ribs

- Compact outer layer and spongy inner layer

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33
Q

Irregular

A
  • Face, vertebrae, hip bones

- Compact outer and spongy inner

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34
Q

Regions, Names, and Markings

A 
-Two main Regions 
   •Axial
   •Appendicular 
-Markings 
   •Bumps 
   •Fossa
   •Foramen
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35
Q

Axial

A

Skull, vertebra, ribs, sternum

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36
Q

Bumps

A

-Structures where tendons attach
•Tuberosity/tubericle •Condyle
•Epiendyle •Trochanter
•Head •Facet
•Process •Spine

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37
Q

Tuberosity/tubericle

A

Knob-like projections that are smooth and round

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38
Q

Condyle

A

A large rounded knob that articulates with another bone

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39
Q

Epienyle

A

An enlargement near and above a condyle

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40
Q

Trochanter

A

Large tubercle or tuberosity found on the femur

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41
Q

Head

A

An large rounded endocbone

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42
Q

Facet

A

A small flattered surface

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43
Q

Process

A

A promirent projection

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44
Q

Spine

A

A sharp projection

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45
Q

Fossa

A

Shallow smooth flat surface for a fan shaped muscle to attach to depression or groove

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46
Q

Foramen

A

Hole, usually serve as passageway

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47
Q

Vertebral Column

A
  • Cervical
  • Thoracic
  • Lumbar
  • Sacrum
  • Coccyx
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48
Q

Cervical

A

(7)

  • Atlas C1
  • Axis C2
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49
Q

Atlas

A

Holds up head, allows you to nod your head

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50
Q

Axis

A

Allows you to rotate your head

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51
Q

Thoracic

A

(12)

-Attach to rib

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52
Q

Lumbar

A

(5)

-Supports weight

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53
Q

Coccyx

A

Tail bone

54
Q

Thoracic cage

A
  • Sternum

- Rib Cage

55
Q

Sternum

A

Protect heart ❤
•Manubrium
•Body
•Xyphoid process

56
Q

Manubrium

A

Where clavicle attaches (sternum)

57
Q

Body

A

Blade (sternum)

58
Q

Xyphoid process

A

Tip of the sternum

59
Q

Rib Cage

A 
Protect lungs 
•True Ribs 
•False Ribs 
•Floating Ribs
•Costal Cartilage 
•Intercostal space
60
Q

True Ribs

A

Attach rib directly to sternum (7)

61
Q

False Ribs

A

Attach rib to cartilage bridge (8-10)

62
Q

Floating Ribs

A

Don’t attach rib to front (11-12)

63
Q

Costal Cartilage

A

Connect ribs to sternum

64
Q

Intercostal space

A

Space between ribs

65
Q

Skull

A
  • Cranium

- Facial Bones

66
Q

Cranium

A
  • Frontal
  • Parietal
  • Temporal
  • Occipital
  • Sphenoid
  • Ethmoid
67
Q

Frontal

A

Forehead

68
Q

Parietal

A

(2)

-Upper sides

69
Q

Temporal

A 
(2)
-Sides close to ears 
•Mastoid process 
•Zygomatic process 
•Styloid process
•Auditory mealus
70
Q

Auditory mealus

A

Ear opening

71
Q

Occipital

A

Back
•Foreman magnum
•Condyles

72
Q

Foreman Magnum

A

For spinal cord (occipital)

73
Q

Condyles

A
  • Bumps around foreman

- Sits on top C1

74
Q

Sphenoid

A

Butterfly shape

75
Q

Ethmoid

A

Between eye orbit and supports nasal cavity

76
Q

Facial Bones

A
  • Mandible
  • Maxilla
  • Zygomatic bones
77
Q

Mandible

A

-Lower jaw
-Single bone
•TMJ
•Mental Foreman

78
Q

TMJ

A

Temporal mandibular joint

79
Q

Mental Foreman

A

Hole for blood vessels and nerves

80
Q

Maxilla

A
  • Upper jaw
  • Connects in middle
  • Forms palate
81
Q

Zygomatic bones

A
  • Cheek bone

- Form orbit of eye

82
Q

Clavicle

A

Collarbone

•Most commonly broken bone

83
Q

Scapula

A 
Shoulder blade 
•Spinous process                   \
•Supra spinous fossa                >    Dorsal
•Infraspinous fossa                /
•Caracoid process
•Acromoin process
•Glenoid cavity
•Subscapular
84
Q

Spinous process

A

Spine

85
Q

Supra spinous fossa

A

Flat part above spine

86
Q

Infraspinous fossa

A

Flat part below spine

87
Q

Caracoi process

A

Points down

88
Q

Acromoin process

A
  • Curves around to front

- Articulates with clavicle

89
Q

Glenoid cavity

A

Forms socket for humerus

90
Q

Subscapular fossa

A

Underside of scapula “hidden”

(touches ribs)

91
Q

Humerus

A 
Funny bone 
•Head 
•Greater tuberosity 
•Lesser tuberosity 
•Intertuberele groove 
•Deltoid tuberosity 
•Radial groove 
•Medial and lateral epidondyles 
•Olecranon fossa
92
Q

Humerus Head

A

Round balls at top

93
Q

Greater tuberosity

A

Big bump (humerus)

94
Q

Lesser tuberosity

A

Smaller bump (humerus)

95
Q

Intertuberele groove

A
  • Groove between tuberositie

- Where bicep tendon attaches

96
Q

Deltoid tubersoity

A

Where deltoid muscle attaches

97
Q

Radial groove

A

Radial nerve space back side of bone (humerus)

98
Q

Olecranon fossa

A

Part where elbow bends

99
Q

Ulna

A

Olecranon process

100
Q

Olecranon process

A

Elbow

101
Q

Radius

A
  • Radial Head
  • Radial tuberosity
  • Styloid process of the radius
  • Ulnar notch
102
Q

Radial Head

A

Flat round top

-Rotates and connects thumb side

103
Q

Radial Tuberosity

A

Bump by the radial head

104
Q

Styloid process of the radius

A
  • Pointy bottom

- Doesn’t connect to ulna

105
Q

Ulnar Notch

A

Where the ulna attaches

106
Q

Hand

A
  • Carpals
  • Metacarpals
  • Phalanges
107
Q

Carpals

A

Wrist (8)

108
Q

Metacarpals

A

Palm (5)

109
Q

Phalanges

A

Digits (14)

  • Distal, middle, proximal
  • Pollex
110
Q

Pollex

A

Tip of the thumb

111
Q

Pelvic Girdle

A

Gut bucket

-Coxal bone

112
Q

Coxal Bone

A

Hip bone

  • Ilium
  • Pubis
  • Ishium
  • Acetabulum
  • Sacrum
  • Coccyx
113
Q

Ilium

A

Wing top of hip bone

114
Q

Pubis

A

Front lower portion

  • come together at pubis symphysis
  • Pubis symphysis
115
Q

Ishium

A

Circle, points downward

  • What you sit on
  • 2 holes : orbturator foreman
116
Q

Acetabulum

A

Socket for femur

117
Q

Femur

A

Strongest bone ; weight bearing

  • Head and neck
  • Greater trochanter
  • Lesser trochanter
  • Gluteal tuberosity
  • Medial and lateral condyles
  • Intercondyle notch
  • Linea aspeia
118
Q

Greater Trochanter

A

“king” Top

119
Q

Lesser Trochanter

A

“Queen” Below greater trochanter

120
Q

Medial and Lateral condyles

A

Bottom bumps

121
Q

Linea aspeia

A

Spiny ridge on back of femur

122
Q

Tibia

A 
Thick Inner Bone 
-Weight bearing 
•Tibral Plateau 
•Tibial Tuberosity 
•Anterior Crest 
•Medial malleolus 
•Lateral malleolus
123
Q

Medial malleulos

A

Bottom, longer point

124
Q

Lateral malleulos

A

Bottom, shorter point

-Connects to fibula

125
Q

Fibula

A

Long skinny outer bone

  • non-weight bearing
  • Muscle attachment
  • Lateral malleolas
126
Q

lateral malleolas

A

Pointy side on bottom

127
Q

Patella

A

kneecap

128
Q

Foot

A
  • Tarsals
  • Metatarsals
  • Phalanges
129
Q

Tarsals

A

Ankle (7)

130
Q

Metatarsals

A

Body of foot (5)

131
Q

Phalanges

A

Digits/Toes

Biomed (8 decks)

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