Chapter 15 to 19 - Cardiovascular (Circulatory)

Question 1

4 major components

Answer 1

• Heart
• Blood vessels
• Blood
• Lymph vessels

Question 2

Heart

Answer 2

Pump

Question 3

Blood vessels

Answer 3

Cary / transport blood

Question 4

Blood

Answer 4

Carries nutrients and oxygen

1) Connective Tissue
2) Plasma
3) Elements
- RBC , WBC, Platelets, Hemopoiesis, Stem Cells

Question 5

Lymph Vessels

Answer 5

Pick up extra fluid

Question 6

Plasma

Answer 6

Pale yellow fluid mostly H2O
- Contains proteins (albumin) ions, nutrients, gases, (O2
+ Co2), wastes, blood clotting factories and antibodies
- 55% helps regulate volume of blood

Question 7

RBC (erythrocytes)

Answer 7

Trasport O2 + Co2

Question 8

WBC (leukocytes)

Answer 8

Fight infection

Question 9

Platelets (thrombocytes)

Answer 9

Clotting

Question 10

Hemopoisis

Answer 10

Blood cell formation ; bone marrow and lymph nodes

Question 11

Stem Cells

Answer 11

Differentiate into RBC, WBC, Platelets

Question 12

RBC (stem cells)

Answer 12

Most numerous : 4.5 - 6 mil. in 1 drop

a) erthropoisis - RBC formation
b) reticulocyte - immature RBC : Home nucleus
c) large - Can’t go through bv. walls
d) flexible - disc shape, squeeze through capillaries
e) contain hemoglobin (iron attracts O2)
f) live about 120 days ; get recycled in the spleen

Question 13

WBC (stem cells)

Answer 13

Leukocytes : 5,000 - 10,000 in 1 drop

 - some live for yrs.
 - Some live for hrs.    a) leucopoiesis - WBC formation ; 5 types    b) Granulocyte    c) Agranulocytes

Question 14

Granulocyte

Answer 14

1) Neutrophils - 50 -70%
- phagocytosis : pus, dead cells, and fluids
2) Basophils - <1%> inflammation, release histamine
3) Cesinophils - 1-3 % inflation, allergies

Question 15

Argranulocytes

Answer 15

1) Monocytes : very efficient phagocytes

2) Lymphocytes : magnate to lymph nodes

Question 16

Platelets (stem cells)

Answer 16

Thrombocytes ; verry small

• Life cycle is 5-9 days
• hemostasis : plug vessels, tron clot, stops bleeding

Question 17

Blood count (stem cells)

Answer 17

• CBC : Complete blood count

- Differential : WBC %, diagnosis

Question 18

Blood Types (stem cells)

Answer 18

• O : universal donor 46%
• AB : universal recipient 4%
• A : 40%
• B : 10%

Question 19

Anatomy of the Heart

Answer 19

• Hollow muscular organ
• Avg. 72 beats per min.
• Adult heart is = size of fist
• Base
• Apex

Question 20

Base

Answer 20

Upper flat portion around 2nd rib

Question 21

Apex

Answer 21

Lower pointed end around 5th inerstal space

Question 22

Layers of the Heart

Answer 22

• Endoardium
• Myocardium
• Epicardium
• Pericardium

Question 23

Endoardium

Answer 23

Inermost layer, lines valves

Question 24

Myocardium

Answer 24

• Middle layer
• thickest layer
• cardiac muscle
• striated
• contracts and courage electrical signal

Question 25

Epicardium

Answer 25

Thin outermost layer

Question 26

Pericardium

Answer 26

Sling like support structure helps attach heart to surrounding structure

Question 27

Atria

Answer 27

• Upper Chambers

- Thin walls, reverie blood

Question 28

Ventricles

Answer 28

• Thicker muscular walls

- Bottom chambers ; pump blood

Question 29

valves

Answer 29

• Keep blood from flowing backwards
• Atrioventricular
  > tricuspid : right
  > bicuspid : left mitral

Question 30

Semilunar

Answer 30

• Pulmonary artery

- Aorta