Chapter 9 - Motivation and Emotion

Question 1

Drive theory

Answer 1

Internal motivation; homeostasis

Question 2

Incentive theory

Answer 2

External motivation; behaviorism

Question 3

Evolutionary theory

Answer 3

Behavioral genetics such as addiction or aggression

Question 4

Humanism

Answer 4

Maslow; motivation to achieve one’s highest potential

Question 5

Maslow’s pyramid

Answer 5

Physiological, safety, belongingness and love, self esteem and esteem in others, cognitive, aesthetic needs, and self actualization

Question 6

Existentialism

Answer 6

Frankl believed that the true motive of people was to make their life meaningful through their career, life-lasting love, and suffering

Question 7

Cultural aspect

Answer 7

Hofstede compares different countries moralities

Question 8

Terror management

Answer 8

Terror is from the unpredictability of death; explains why people need self-esteem; culture solves the issue of anxiety about death

Question 9

3 components to emotions

Answer 9

Cognitive, physiological, behavioral

Question 10

Emotional expression vs. emotional experience

Answer 10

Women express their emotions more, but it does not mean that they are more emotional

Question 11

Culture and emotional expressions

Answer 11

Most cultures accept the same expressions and emotions, however some do not

Question 12

Facial affect program

Answer 12

Humans are born knowing that certain expressions go with emotions; smiling when happy

Question 13

Display rules

Answer 13

Cultural variation in expression

Question 14

Collective vs individualistic culture

Answer 14

Collective is socially engaging whereas individualistic is socially disengaging

Question 15

Sex vs gender

Answer 15

Sex is biological, gender is identification

Question 16

Hetermasculinity

Answer 16

Masculinity is defined by being straight

Question 17

Homosociality

Answer 17

Building relationships with people of the same gender are often stronger relationships

Question 18

Parental Investment Thoery

Answer 18

Males will seek uncommitted relationships whereas females will looks for committed partners

Question 19

Prevalence of exclusive homosexuality

Answer 19

5-8%

Question 20

Pathology of homosexuality

Answer 20

Homosexuality used to be a diagnosed disorder

Question 21

Causes of homosexuality

Answer 21

Nothing with environment or choice, but research points to genetics

Question 22

Twins and homosexuality

Answer 22

If one twin is gay, the other is more likely to be gay

Question 23

Prenatal influences and homosexuality

Answer 23

Male fetuses are influenced differently in the womb than female children

Question 24

Genes and homosexuality

Answer 24

Women with two active XX genes will have only homosexual children