Chapter 5 - Variations in Consciousness

Question 1

Four elements of consciousness

Answer 1

External stimuli, internal stimuli, awareness of thoughts, and sense of self

Question 2

Mirror test

Answer 2

Tests the sense of self by marking a subject’s forehead and seeing if they wipe it off in the mirror

Question 3

Sleep hygeine

Answer 3

The factors that affect sleep

Question 4

Stage 1 sleep

Answer 4

Falling asleep

Question 5

Stage 2 sleep (sleep spindles and K-complexes)

Answer 5

Sleep spindles keep you asleep while K-complexes react to sound and wake you up

Question 6

Stage 3 sleep

Answer 6

Transition stage

Question 7

Stage 4 sleep

Answer 7

Deep sleep; body repair and growth

Question 8

REM sleep

Answer 8

Rapid eye movement; stage gets longer as sleep continues, muscle paralysis

Question 9

Sleep and age

Answer 9

Children get the most deep sleep, young adults get the most REM sleep, and the elderly get the least deep sleep

Question 10

Partial sleep deprivation

Answer 10

A small amount of sleep is lost over a period of time

Question 11

Complete sleep deprivation

Answer 11

No sleep

Question 12

REM deprivation

Answer 12

Hallucinations, the brain looses its plasticity

Question 13

Stage 4 deprivation

Answer 13

slurred speech, lost coordination, diabetes

Question 14

Insomnia

Answer 14

Not being able to sleep or sustain sleep

Question 15

Narcolepsy

Answer 15

Medical condition where stimulus causes a person to fall asleep

Question 16

Sleep apnea

Answer 16

A person struggles with breathing during sleep

Question 17

Somnambulism

Answer 17

Sleep walking, occurs during stage 4 sleep

Question 18

Enuresis

Answer 18

Bed wetting

Question 19

Night terrors

Answer 19

Occurs during stage 2 sleep, more common in children

Question 20

Sleep paralysis

Answer 20

A person wakes up while their body is paralyzed in sleep, they may continue to dream leading to hallucinations

Question 21

Freud’s views on dreams

Answer 21

Wish fulfillment, taboo urges

Question 22

Dreaming and daily residue

Answer 22

The day can be reflected in your dreams

Question 23

Dreaming and age

Answer 23

Different ages can have different dreams appropriate for their age

Question 24

Lucid dreams

Answer 24

The dreamer becomes aware that he is dreaming

Question 25

4 responses to drugs

Answer 25

Physical effects, emotional context, cognitive interpretation, expectations in that the placebo effect can be physical

Question 26

Narcotics

Answer 26

Derived from opium and reduce pain (morphine, heroin)

Question 27

Sedatives

Answer 27

Sleep-inducing

Question 28

Stimulants

Answer 28

Increases nervous system activity (amphetamines, cocaine)

Question 29

Hallucinogens

Answer 29

Creates sensory distortions (LSD)