Chapter 6 - Learning Flashcards
Classical condition/Pavlonian conditioning
A subject is conditioned to where a neutral response causes a conditioned response
Acquisition trails
The process of conditioning by connecting an unconditioned response with a conditioned response
Taste aversion
When a negative experience with a food leads to one no longer eating it; only takes one acquisitional trail
Little albert
JB Watson creates a fear of mice in a toddler by creating loud sounds near the mice
Addiction
Environment triggers addict sensation
Extinction
Learned behavior fades away by avoiding or overstimulating
Spontaneous recovery
Occurs after extinction and a rest from stimulus
Generalization
One stimulus generalizes to similar stimuli
Discrimination
There is a response for only one stimulus
Counter-conditioning
Actively undo conditioning by connecting a positive stimulus to the negative so that it outweighs it
Operant conditioning
Stimulus → response → consequence
Types of consequences: reinforcement
Increases behavior
Types of consequences: punishment
Decreases behavior
Types of consequences: positive
Adding something to influence behavior
Types of consequences: negative
Removing something unpleasant to influence behavior
Types of consequences: primary
Primal consequence; ex: food
Types of consequences: secondary
Psychological consequence; ex: money, attention
Multiple consequences
Child gets punished but continues misbehavior for more attention
Superstitious behavior
Linking the wrong behavior with the desired outcome
Learned helplessness
When a subject stops trying to prevent an unpleasant consequence; any response to a stimulus will not stop the consequence from happening
Difference between classical and operant conditioning
Classical: pavlov’s dog
Operant: Rats and food
Observation learning was researched by who?
Albert Bandura
Observation learning: models
Models are observed and learned from
Observation learning: scripts
As we observe, the information that we learn is encoded by scripts
Insight learning (gestalt psychology)
A new perception of a problem or possible solution is found and a subject figures it out all on their own
