Chapter 6 - Learning

Question 1

Classical condition/Pavlonian conditioning

Answer 1

A subject is conditioned to where a neutral response causes a conditioned response

Question 2

Acquisition trails

Answer 2

The process of conditioning by connecting an unconditioned response with a conditioned response

Question 3

Taste aversion

Answer 3

When a negative experience with a food leads to one no longer eating it; only takes one acquisitional trail

Question 4

Little albert

Answer 4

JB Watson creates a fear of mice in a toddler by creating loud sounds near the mice

Question 5

Addiction

Answer 5

Environment triggers addict sensation

Question 6

Extinction

Answer 6

Learned behavior fades away by avoiding or overstimulating

Question 7

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 7

Occurs after extinction and a rest from stimulus

Question 8

Generalization

Answer 8

One stimulus generalizes to similar stimuli

Question 9

Discrimination

Answer 9

There is a response for only one stimulus

Question 10

Counter-conditioning

Answer 10

Actively undo conditioning by connecting a positive stimulus to the negative so that it outweighs it

Question 11

Operant conditioning

Answer 11

Stimulus → response → consequence

Question 12

Types of consequences: reinforcement

Answer 12

Increases behavior

Question 13

Types of consequences: punishment

Answer 13

Decreases behavior

Question 14

Types of consequences: positive

Answer 14

Adding something to influence behavior

Question 15

Types of consequences: negative

Answer 15

Removing something unpleasant to influence behavior

Question 16

Types of consequences: primary

Answer 16

Primal consequence; ex: food

Question 17

Types of consequences: secondary

Answer 17

Psychological consequence; ex: money, attention

Question 18

Multiple consequences

Answer 18

Child gets punished but continues misbehavior for more attention

Question 19

Superstitious behavior

Answer 19

Linking the wrong behavior with the desired outcome

Question 20

Learned helplessness

Answer 20

When a subject stops trying to prevent an unpleasant consequence; any response to a stimulus will not stop the consequence from happening

Question 21

Difference between classical and operant conditioning

Answer 21

Classical: pavlov’s dog
Operant: Rats and food

Question 22

Observation learning was researched by who?

Answer 22

Albert Bandura

Question 23

Observation learning: models

Answer 23

Models are observed and learned from

Question 24

Observation learning: scripts

Answer 24

As we observe, the information that we learn is encoded by scripts

Question 25

Insight learning (gestalt psychology)

Answer 25

A new perception of a problem or possible solution is found and a subject figures it out all on their own