Chapter 9: Motivation Flashcards
Drive reduction theory
The goal of motivated behavior is a reduction of a drive state
- Homeostasis
- Habits
Drive induction theory
Reinforcement is a function of the degree of drive induced by a given reinforcer
Maslows Hierarchy of Needs
The idea that people are driven my many needs
Self-actualization
When someone has achieved their personal dreams and aspirations
Self-efficacy
the belief that one is capable of producing desired results
Self-Determination Theory
Factors that must be met for self-determination
- Autonomy
- Relatedness
- Competence
Pleasure principle
Seek pleasure, avoid pain
- Approach motivations
- Avoidance motivation
What motivates eating?
- Hypothalamus
- Internal sensations
- Hormonal activity
- Times and taste
- Culture
Thrifty-gene hypothesis
Evolution has favored those with efficient metabolisms that maximize fat storage
The psychology of love
- Proximity
- Similarity
- Perceptions
Performance goals
Goals framed in terms of performing well in front of others, being judged favorably, and avoiding criticism
Master (Learning goals)
Goals framed in terms of increasing ones competence and skills
Emotions
An immediate and intense response to environmental changes or internal thoughts
Moods
Long lasting, less intense emotional states
discrete emotional approach
Definitive specific categories of emotions
Dimensional approach
Uses dimensions to make sense of emotions
Alexithymia
Difficulty identifying and labeling emotions
Display rules
Govern how and when people exhibit emotions
- Socialization
- Culture
Emotion Work
Expression of an emotion, often because of a role requirement, that a person doesn’t really feel
James-Lange Theory
How we interpret the situation determines how we feel
- Stimulus > Arousal > Emotion
Cannon-Bard Theory
Arousal and emotion are separate but occur together
- Stimulus > arousal and emotion
Schacter-Singer Two Factory Theory
Cognitive appraisal of the situation influences how we feel
- Stimulus > Arousal > Label > Emotion
Excitation Transfer
Residual arousal form one event is transferred to a new stimulus
