Chapter 9- Lymphoid system

Question 1

the major function of the lymphatic system is to provide a source of ____ cells that react with and neutralize antigens

Answer 1

immunocompetent

Question 2

System comprises of lymphoid _____ and ____ whose main constituents are aggregates of ____ and other cells of the phagocyte system

Answer 2

tissues, organs, lymphocytes

Question 3

two different arrangements of the lymph include:

Answer 3

MALT and nodules

Question 4

Nodules may appear as single collections of lymphocytes or as more permanent, multiple aggregates such as ___ and ____ ___.

Answer 4

tonsils, Peyer Patches

Question 5

major sites of lymphocyte production and maturation, includes bone marrow where B lymphocytes are produced, and the Thymus where T lymphocytes mature are known as

Answer 5

primary lymphatic organs

Question 6

the lymph nodes and the spleen are examples of ___ lymphatic organs

Answer 6

secondary

Question 7

cells of the lymphoid system have the ability to travel through the ____

Answer 7

bloodstream

Question 8

thin walled lymphatic capillaries that anastomose and become larger are known as

Answer 8

lymphatic vessels

Question 9

___ ____ are most abundant in connective tissue of the skin (dermis), beneath mucous membranes of the respiratory, GI, and GU tracts and in connective tissue spaces of the liver

Answer 9

lymphatic capillaries

Question 10

Like veins, lymphatic vessels have ___ and __ ___

Answer 10

valves, thin walls

Question 11

MALT may be subdivided on the basis of location into: GALT: ___ associated BALT: ____ associated NALT: ___ associated VALT: ______ associated

Answer 11

gut, bronchus, nose, vulvovaginal

Question 12

primary lymphoid nodules contain small, ___ _ ____

Answer 12

immature B lymphocytes

Question 13

In response to ____ _____, primary nodules become secondary nodules, which contain pale stained germinal centers

Answer 13

antigen exposure

Question 14

these occur, often as chains or groups, in strategic regions such as the neck, groin, mesenteries, axillae, and abdomen

Answer 14

lymph nodes

Question 15

three main functions of lymph nodes include: ___ of lymph, synthesis of ____, and _____ of lymphocytes that are added to lymph

Answer 15

filtration, antibodies, production

Question 16

____ ____ of dense fibrous connective tissue that typically merges with surrounding tissues and fat invests each node

Answer 16

outer capsule

Question 17

beam-like structures of collagen fibers called ___ provide support and serve as conduits for blood vessels in the nodes

Answer 17

trabeculae

Question 18

secondary nodules, which have a ____ ____ surrounded by a mantle zone which contains small lymphocytes

Answer 18

germinal center

Question 19

germinal centers of secondary nodules are major sites of __ ___ proliferation

Answer 19

B cell

Question 20

Antigen-dependent T cell differentiation and proliferation occur in the _____, beneath and between nodules

Answer 20

paracortex

Question 21

the ____ contains irregular strands of loosely arranged lymphoid tissue, the medullary cords, which consist mainly of lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells

Answer 21

medulla

Question 22

Lymph enters the nodes via _____ lymphatics

Answer 22

afferent

Question 23

___ in efferent lymphatics force lymph to flow out

Answer 23

valves

Question 24

_____ phagocytose antigens and foreign material, thus filtering lymph

Answer 24

Macrophages

Question 25

Lymphocytes leave the bloodstream by preferential migration across the walls of specialized blood vessels called ___ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_

Answer 25

high endothelial venules

Question 26

HEV's are found in the ___ of a lymph node

Answer 26

paracortex

Question 27

movement of B and T cells across HEVs into lymph nodes and other sites is called \_\_\_\_, and it is determined by specific ___ \_\_\_ molecules

Answer 27

homing, cell adhesion

Question 28

HEVs include ___ endothelial cells and a thick basal lamina

Answer 28

cuboidal

Question 29

the spleen lacks \_\_\_, but has similar structures to make up for it

Answer 29

HEVs

Question 30

discrete aggregates of lymphoid nodules under the epithelium lining entrances to the digestive and respiratory tracts are known as

Answer 30

tonsils

Question 31

a pair of ___ tonsils lie in the wall of the oropharynx

Answer 31

palatine

Question 32

at the base of the tongue sit two ___ tonsils

Answer 32

lingual

Question 33

at the posterior portion of the nasopharynx sits the ___ tonsil

Answer 33

pharyngeal

Question 34

the tonsils of the mouth region form a broken ring of strategically placed lymphoid tissue known as the ___ \_\_\_

Answer 34

Waldeyer ring

Question 35

major role of the tonsils is defense against bacterial and viral infections via production of ______ by \_\_-cell derived plasma cells

Answer 35

immunoglobulins, B

Question 36

a common condition seen in children including hypertrophy and chronic inflammation of the pharyngeal tonsils is known as

Answer 36

adenoiditis

Question 37

tonsillitis results from infection of the bacteria \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 37

Streptococcus

Question 38

palatine tonsils are covered by ____ \_\_\_\_ ____ epithelium and heavily infiltrated by lymphocytes

Answer 38

nonkeratinized stratified squamous

Question 39

surface epithelium forms ___ \_\_\_ which increase surface area and enhance interactions of antigens with underlying immunocompetent cells

Answer 39

tonsillar crypts

Question 40

tonsils have ___ glands associated with them with ducts to drain at the surface or into crypts

Answer 40

mucous

Question 41

tonsils become enlarged or infected when ____ become clogged or obstructed by secretions from mucous glands

Answer 41

crypts

Question 42

the external surface of the pharyngeal tonsil is covered by ____ epithelium

Answer 42

pseudostratified

Question 43

the flat, bilobed primary lymphoid organ found in the anterior mediastinum of the thorax is known as the \_\_\_\_

Answer 43

thymus

Question 44

after puberty, the thymus begins the process of \_\_\_, replacing its lymphoid parenchyma with ____ \_\_\_\_ tissue

Answer 44

atrophy, adipose connective

Question 45

the ____ of the thymus contains densely packed small lymphocytes

Answer 45

cortex

Question 46

main function of the thymus is the ____ of _ lymphocytes

Answer 46

maturation, T

Question 47

supportive framework or stroma of the thymus are known as ___ \_\_\_ cells

Answer 47

epithelial reticular

Question 48

as T-cells from the thymus mature, they are discharged into ____ to go to secondary lymphoid ___ & \_\_\_\_.

Answer 48

circulation, tissues, organs

Question 49

two hormones secreted by ERC's are ___ and ___ which induce T cell maturation

Answer 49

thymosin, thymopoietin

Question 50

blood vessels enter and exit the thymus via \_\_\_\_

Answer 50

trabeculae

Question 51

lymphocytes from the ___ will divide often, migrate to the \_\_\_, and eventually exit the organ

Answer 51

cortex, medulla

Question 52

the ERC's of the thymus help form the \_\_\_-\_\_\_ barrier found in the cortex

Answer 52

blood thymus

Question 53

the ____ \_\_\_\_ of the thymus medulla release thymic stromal thymopoeitin to induce CD4+ regulatory T cell development

Answer 53

Hassall corpuscles

Question 54

this lymphatic organ lies in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen behind the stomach and just below the diaphragm

Answer 54

spleen

Question 55

at the ___ of the spleen, the splenic artery and nerves enter the organ, while the splenic veins and lymphatics leave

Answer 55

hilum

Question 56

during early fetal development, the spleen has a role in \_\_\_\_\_, which is then taken over by the liver and bone marrow

Answer 56

hematopoiesis

Question 57

the spleen also holds ___ of the body's platelets, and accounts for \_\_\_% of the total number of lymphocytes

Answer 57

1/3, 25

Question 58

the main function of the organ is to __ \_\_\_, removing particulate matter, infectious organisms, and aged or defective erythrocytes

Answer 58

filter blood

Question 59

the spleen can also produce \_\_\_, ___ cells, __ & \_\_\_.

Answer 59

lymphocytes, plasma, IgM, IgG

Question 60

spleen covered by an outer __ \_\_\_ capsule, and includes a communicating network of ____ fibers

Answer 60

dense irregular, reticular

Question 61

instead of a cortex and medulla, the spleen includes ___ & ____ \_\_\_\_.

Answer 61

red, white, pulp

Question 62

\_\_\_ pulp is made of grayish white islands of lymphoid tissue, surrounding a central arteriole.

Answer 62

white

Question 63

the ____ \_\_\_ surrounds the white pulp and contains many macrophages with occasional B lymphocytes

Answer 63

marginal zone

Question 64

\_\_\_\_ pulp makes up most of the spleen with its color coming from abundant erythrocytes

Answer 64

red

Question 65

red pulp contains ___ \_\_\_\_, where reticular cells, plasma cells, macrophages, and formed elements of circulating blood can be found

Answer 65

venous sinusoids

Question 66

trabecular arteries branching off the splenic artery enter the ____ pulp and become \_\_\_\_

Answer 66

white, arterioles

Question 67

other arterial branches enter the red pulp as ____ arterioles

Answer 67

pencillar