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Histology > Chapter 9- Lymphoid system > Flashcards

Chapter 9- Lymphoid system Flashcards

1
Q

the major function of the lymphatic system is to provide a source of ____ cells that react with and neutralize antigens

A

immunocompetent

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2
Q

System comprises of lymphoid _____ and ____ whose main constituents are aggregates of ____ and other cells of the phagocyte system

A

tissues, organs, lymphocytes

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3
Q

two different arrangements of the lymph include:

A

MALT and nodules

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4
Q

Nodules may appear as single collections of lymphocytes or as more permanent, multiple aggregates such as ___ and ____ ___.

A

tonsils, Peyer Patches

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5
Q

major sites of lymphocyte production and maturation, includes bone marrow where B lymphocytes are produced, and the Thymus where T lymphocytes mature are known as

A

primary lymphatic organs

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6
Q

the lymph nodes and the spleen are examples of ___ lymphatic organs

A

secondary

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7
Q

cells of the lymphoid system have the ability to travel through the ____

A

bloodstream

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8
Q

thin walled lymphatic capillaries that anastomose and become larger are known as

A

lymphatic vessels

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9
Q

___ ____ are most abundant in connective tissue of the skin (dermis), beneath mucous membranes of the respiratory, GI, and GU tracts and in connective tissue spaces of the liver

A

lymphatic capillaries

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10
Q

Like veins, lymphatic vessels have ___ and __ ___

A

valves, thin walls

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11
Q

MALT may be subdivided on the basis of location into: GALT: ___ associated BALT: ____ associated NALT: ___ associated VALT: ______ associated

A

gut, bronchus, nose, vulvovaginal

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12
Q

primary lymphoid nodules contain small, ___ _ ____

A

immature B lymphocytes

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13
Q

In response to ____ _____, primary nodules become secondary nodules, which contain pale stained germinal centers

A

antigen exposure

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14
Q

these occur, often as chains or groups, in strategic regions such as the neck, groin, mesenteries, axillae, and abdomen

A

lymph nodes

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15
Q

three main functions of lymph nodes include: ___ of lymph, synthesis of ____, and _____ of lymphocytes that are added to lymph

A

filtration, antibodies, production

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16
Q

____ ____ of dense fibrous connective tissue that typically merges with surrounding tissues and fat invests each node

A

outer capsule

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17
Q

beam-like structures of collagen fibers called ___ provide support and serve as conduits for blood vessels in the nodes

A

trabeculae

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18
Q

secondary nodules, which have a ____ ____ surrounded by a mantle zone which contains small lymphocytes

A

germinal center

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19
Q

germinal centers of secondary nodules are major sites of __ ___ proliferation

A

B cell

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20
Q

Antigen-dependent T cell differentiation and proliferation occur in the _____, beneath and between nodules

A

paracortex

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21
Q

the ____ contains irregular strands of loosely arranged lymphoid tissue, the medullary cords, which consist mainly of lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells

A

medulla

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22
Q

Lymph enters the nodes via _____ lymphatics

A

afferent

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23
Q

___ in efferent lymphatics force lymph to flow out

A

valves

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24
Q

_____ phagocytose antigens and foreign material, thus filtering lymph

A

Macrophages

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25
Q

Lymphocytes leave the bloodstream by preferential migration across the walls of specialized blood vessels called ___ ____ ___

A

high endothelial venules

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26
Q

HEV’s are found in the ___ of a lymph node

A

paracortex

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27
Q

movement of B and T cells across HEVs into lymph nodes and other sites is called ____, and it is determined by specific ___ ___ molecules

A

homing, cell adhesion

28
Q

HEVs include ___ endothelial cells and a thick basal lamina

A

cuboidal

29
Q

the spleen lacks ___, but has similar structures to make up for it

A

HEVs

30
Q

discrete aggregates of lymphoid nodules under the epithelium lining entrances to the digestive and respiratory tracts are known as

A

tonsils

31
Q

a pair of ___ tonsils lie in the wall of the oropharynx

A

palatine

32
Q

at the base of the tongue sit two ___ tonsils

A

lingual

33
Q

at the posterior portion of the nasopharynx sits the ___ tonsil

A

pharyngeal

34
Q

the tonsils of the mouth region form a broken ring of strategically placed lymphoid tissue known as the ___ ___

A

Waldeyer ring

35
Q

major role of the tonsils is defense against bacterial and viral infections via production of ______ by __-cell derived plasma cells

A

immunoglobulins, B

36
Q

a common condition seen in children including hypertrophy and chronic inflammation of the pharyngeal tonsils is known as

A

adenoiditis

37
Q

tonsillitis results from infection of the bacteria _____

A

Streptococcus

38
Q

palatine tonsils are covered by ____ ____ ____ epithelium and heavily infiltrated by lymphocytes

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous

39
Q

surface epithelium forms ___ ___ which increase surface area and enhance interactions of antigens with underlying immunocompetent cells

A

tonsillar crypts

40
Q

tonsils have ___ glands associated with them with ducts to drain at the surface or into crypts

A

mucous

41
Q

tonsils become enlarged or infected when ____ become clogged or obstructed by secretions from mucous glands

A

crypts

42
Q

the external surface of the pharyngeal tonsil is covered by ____ epithelium

A

pseudostratified

43
Q

the flat, bilobed primary lymphoid organ found in the anterior mediastinum of the thorax is known as the ____

A

thymus

44
Q

after puberty, the thymus begins the process of ___, replacing its lymphoid parenchyma with ____ ____ tissue

A

atrophy, adipose connective

45
Q

the ____ of the thymus contains densely packed small lymphocytes

A

cortex

46
Q

main function of the thymus is the ____ of _ lymphocytes

A

maturation, T

47
Q

supportive framework or stroma of the thymus are known as ___ ___ cells

A

epithelial reticular

48
Q

as T-cells from the thymus mature, they are discharged into ____ to go to secondary lymphoid ___ & ____.

A

circulation, tissues, organs

49
Q

two hormones secreted by ERC’s are ___ and ___ which induce T cell maturation

A

thymosin, thymopoietin

50
Q

blood vessels enter and exit the thymus via ____

A

trabeculae

51
Q

lymphocytes from the ___ will divide often, migrate to the ___, and eventually exit the organ

A

cortex, medulla

52
Q

the ERC’s of the thymus help form the ___-___ barrier found in the cortex

A

blood thymus

53
Q

the ____ ____ of the thymus medulla release thymic stromal thymopoeitin to induce CD4+ regulatory T cell development

A

Hassall corpuscles

54
Q

this lymphatic organ lies in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen behind the stomach and just below the diaphragm

A

spleen

55
Q

at the ___ of the spleen, the splenic artery and nerves enter the organ, while the splenic veins and lymphatics leave

A

hilum

56
Q

during early fetal development, the spleen has a role in _____, which is then taken over by the liver and bone marrow

A

hematopoiesis

57
Q

the spleen also holds ___ of the body’s platelets, and accounts for ___% of the total number of lymphocytes

A

1/3, 25

58
Q

the main function of the organ is to __ ___, removing particulate matter, infectious organisms, and aged or defective erythrocytes

A

filter blood

59
Q

the spleen can also produce ___, ___ cells, __ & ___.

A

lymphocytes, plasma, IgM, IgG

60
Q

spleen covered by an outer __ ___ capsule, and includes a communicating network of ____ fibers

A

dense irregular, reticular

61
Q

instead of a cortex and medulla, the spleen includes ___ & ____ ____.

A

red, white, pulp

62
Q

___ pulp is made of grayish white islands of lymphoid tissue, surrounding a central arteriole.

A

white

63
Q

the ____ ___ surrounds the white pulp and contains many macrophages with occasional B lymphocytes

A

marginal zone

64
Q

____ pulp makes up most of the spleen with its color coming from abundant erythrocytes

A

red

65
Q

red pulp contains ___ ____, where reticular cells, plasma cells, macrophages, and formed elements of circulating blood can be found

A

venous sinusoids

66
Q

trabecular arteries branching off the splenic artery enter the ____ pulp and become ____

A

white, arterioles

67
Q

other arterial branches enter the red pulp as ____ arterioles

A

pencillar

Histology (7 decks)

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