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Histology > Chapter 12: Upper Digestive System > Flashcards

Chapter 12: Upper Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

which type of epithelium is found on the lips

A

stratified squamous

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2
Q

these types of cells are found on the upper layer of the lips and are similar to the skin

A

keratinized

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3
Q

The upper digestive tract facilitates ___ and initial phases of ____.

A

ingestion, digestion

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4
Q

the three parts of the upper digestive system include

A

oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus

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5
Q

Mucosa forming the inner lining of the mouth and pharynx is mostly ____ ____ _____ epithelium and an underlying lamina propria.

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous

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6
Q

this diagnosis is often made when suffering dysphagia and is a complication of GERD

A

esophageal stricture

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7
Q

three surfaces of the lip includes:

A

outer cutaneous layer, vermilion border, and inner oral mucosa

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8
Q

transitional zone between skin and oral mucosa is the ___ ____, or vermilion border

A

free edge

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9
Q

the lamina propria of the lip contains collagen and ____ fibers, and also houses ____ and ____

A

elastic, capillaries, lymphatics

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10
Q

Secretions of these mainly mucus-secreting exocrine glands drain onto the oral surface via small ducts, thereby providing moisture and lubrication

A

labial glands

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11
Q

the bulk of the lip is made up of a skeletal muscle called the

A

orbicularis oris muscle

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12
Q

this mucosa forms the inner lining of the lips, cheek, soft palate, floor of mouth and undersurface of the tongue

A

lining mucosa

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13
Q

the lining mucosa of the oral cavity is mainly ____ ____ ___ epithelium

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous

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14
Q

this type of mucosa found in the oral cavity is located in the gums and hard palate and consists of stratified squamous epithelium.

A

masticatory

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15
Q

this mucosa of the oral cavity is found on the dorsal surface of the tongue, and includes many papillae and taste buds

A

specialized

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16
Q

The lamina propria of the cheek, with short ___ and abundant ___ ____, attaches at intervals to underlying skeletal muscle fibers of the ____.

A

papillae, elastic fibers, buccinator

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17
Q

the skeletal muscle fibers of the cheek are arranged into fascicles that mix with ?

A

minor salivary (buccal) glands.

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18
Q

a mucous membrane that lacks glands, covers outer and inner surfaces of the alveolar processes of the maxilla and mandible and surrounds each tooth.

A

gingiva

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19
Q

the v-shaped groove that splits the anterior part of the tongue from the posterior section is known as

A

sulcus terminalis

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20
Q

Smooth ____ ____ ____epithelium covers the tongue’s undersurface and dorsum, except over filiform papillae on the dorsum, where epithelium is _______

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous, parakeratinized

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21
Q

A roughened dorsal surface characterizes the ___ two thirds of the tongue

A

anterior

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22
Q

what are the three types of lingual papillae seen

A

filiform, fungiform, circumvallate

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23
Q

The posterior third of the tongue lacks ___ ____, but its dorsal surface is studded by 35–100 irregular mucosal bulges that correspond to lingual tonsils

A

lingual papillae

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24
Q

the most numerous papillae of the tongue are the __ papillae, which help to manipulate food and increase friction with it during mastication.

A

filiform

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25
Q

poorly keratinized papillae that are scattered singly or ni small groups (most being near the tip of the tongue) between the filiform papillae are known as

A

fungiform papillae

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26
Q

one row of 8-12 papillae that lie just anterior to the sulcus terminalis are called _____, and are also the largest type of papillae

A

circumvallate

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27
Q

circumvallate papillae are sunk beneath the surface, and surrounded by a trench like ___. Serous glands that drain using ducts use secretions to keep these clean of ____

A

furrow, debris

28
Q

small intraepithelial organs embedded on the lateral surfaces of the epithelium of fungiform and circumvallate papillae are known as

A

taste buds

29
Q

taste buds transduce ___ ____ into nerve pulses, which the brain perceives as ____ sensations

A

chemical stimuli, gustatory

30
Q

the hard palate is known as the ___ region while the soft palate is known as the ___ region

A

anterior, posterior

31
Q

The rigid ____ palate is made of horizontal bony processes covered by ____ ____ that serves as a working surface for the tongue as it presses against the palate during _____ and swallowing

A

hard, masticatory mucosa, mastication

32
Q

the hard palate is consistent of ___ ___ epithelium

A

stratified squamous

33
Q

the soft palate is consistent of ___ ____ ____ epithelium

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous

34
Q

a mobile fold with a conical posterior projection called the uvula is known as the

A

soft palate

35
Q

the _____ side of the soft palate has a respiratory epithelium-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells.

A

nasopharyngeal

36
Q

unlike the hard palate, the soft palate lacks ____, but its core contains a ____ ____ of palatine skeletal muscle

A

bone, support sheet

37
Q

Each jaw has 4 ____, mostly for cutting during mastication; 2 ____, for puncturing and grasping; and 10 _____s, for crushing and grinding.

A

incisors, canines, molars/premolar

38
Q

Each tooth consists of a ___ ___projecting above the gingiva, and one or more ____ embedded in a bony socket (or alveolus) of the jaws.

A

free crown , roots

39
Q

Each root is attached to bone by ___ ___ __ fibers, which form the ____membrane.

A

densely packed collagen, periodontal

40
Q

each tooth has a ___ pulp chamber that extends into the ___ ____

A

central, root canal

41
Q

The pulp chamber contains a core of loose connective tissue known as ___ ___ which contains blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves

A

dental pulp

42
Q

which three mineralized tissues make up the tooth walls

A

dentin, enamel, cementum

43
Q

__ surrounds the pulp cavity and makes up the bulk of each tooth

A

dentin

44
Q

__ forms a cap over the outer dentin surface in the area of the crown

A

enamel

45
Q

the dentin is ___ in the root of the teeth

A

porous

46
Q

_____ is the hardest substance in the body, is brittle, and fractures easily.

A

Enamel

47
Q

the sublingual gland is almost completely ____

A

mucous

48
Q

produce saliva and empty secretory products via ducts in the oral cavity.

A

major salivary glands

49
Q

lubricates and protects oral tissues, is an aqueous solvent for taste, and as a masticatory wetting agent, aids swallowing.

A

saliva

50
Q

Saliva also starts digestion of carbohydrates by secreting

A

α-amylase (ptyalin)

51
Q

the largest salivary gland in the oral cavity is the ___ which is an exclusively serous exocrine gland producing 30% of saliva per day

A

parotid

52
Q

the second largest gland, egg-shaped, lies on the floor of the oral cavity and accounts for 60% of saliva production

A

submandibular

53
Q

most of the submandibular gland’s secretory units are serous, however, it also has ___ ____

A

mucous acini

54
Q

This flat, almond-shaped organ sits beneath the mucous membrane in the floor of the mouth and produces ~5% of saliva

A

sublingual

55
Q

small, isolated glands in the lips, cheeks, tongue, and palate.

A

minor salivary glands

56
Q

parotid glands drain into __ ___which are lined by columnar cells

A

striated ducts

57
Q

Striations of the striated ducts found in the salivary glands are basal infoldings of the ___ ____.

A

plasma membrane

58
Q

The of salivary glands modify the composition of saliva via resorption of Na+, which makes saliva hypotonic.

A

ducts

59
Q

the esophagus includes ___ ___ epithelium

A

stratified squamous

60
Q

under the submucosal layer of the esophagus lie:

A

two layers of smooth muscle

61
Q

The upper third of the esophagus has ___muscle fibers; the middle third, a _____ muscle; and the lower third, only ____ muscle.

A

skeletal , mixture of smooth and skeletal, smooth

62
Q

upper sphincter of the esophagus is an anatomically distinct structure of skeletal muscle fibers of the _____ muscle

A

cricopharyngeus

63
Q

at the esophagastric junction there is an epithelial change from ___ ___ to __ ___. which is known as the _-___

A

stratified squamous, simple columnar, Z-Line

64
Q

in this condition, columnar epithelium, similar to that of the stomach, replaces the usual stratified squamous epithelium

A

Barretts esophagus

65
Q

Epithelium lining the esophageal lumen is mainly protective, with ___ ____ providing a thin, highly viscous film of mucus to lubricate the luminal surface

A

mucous glands

66
Q

two different types of mucous glands that occur in the esophagus are

A

superficial and submucosal

67
Q

The digestive tract, from the esophagus to the anus, has its own intrinsic nerve supply—the ____ ____ ___—consisting of an extensive network of nerve fibers, clusters of nerve cell bodies (ganglion cells), and supportive (glial) cells.

A

enteric nervous system

Histology (7 decks)

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