Chapter 12: Upper Digestive System Flashcards
which type of epithelium is found on the lips
stratified squamous
these types of cells are found on the upper layer of the lips and are similar to the skin
keratinized
The upper digestive tract facilitates ___ and initial phases of ____.
ingestion, digestion
the three parts of the upper digestive system include
oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus
Mucosa forming the inner lining of the mouth and pharynx is mostly ____ ____ _____ epithelium and an underlying lamina propria.
nonkeratinized stratified squamous
this diagnosis is often made when suffering dysphagia and is a complication of GERD
esophageal stricture
three surfaces of the lip includes:
outer cutaneous layer, vermilion border, and inner oral mucosa
transitional zone between skin and oral mucosa is the ___ ____, or vermilion border
free edge
the lamina propria of the lip contains collagen and ____ fibers, and also houses ____ and ____
elastic, capillaries, lymphatics
Secretions of these mainly mucus-secreting exocrine glands drain onto the oral surface via small ducts, thereby providing moisture and lubrication
labial glands
the bulk of the lip is made up of a skeletal muscle called the
orbicularis oris muscle
this mucosa forms the inner lining of the lips, cheek, soft palate, floor of mouth and undersurface of the tongue
lining mucosa
the lining mucosa of the oral cavity is mainly ____ ____ ___ epithelium
nonkeratinized stratified squamous
this type of mucosa found in the oral cavity is located in the gums and hard palate and consists of stratified squamous epithelium.
masticatory
this mucosa of the oral cavity is found on the dorsal surface of the tongue, and includes many papillae and taste buds
specialized
The lamina propria of the cheek, with short ___ and abundant ___ ____, attaches at intervals to underlying skeletal muscle fibers of the ____.
papillae, elastic fibers, buccinator
the skeletal muscle fibers of the cheek are arranged into fascicles that mix with ?
minor salivary (buccal) glands.
a mucous membrane that lacks glands, covers outer and inner surfaces of the alveolar processes of the maxilla and mandible and surrounds each tooth.
gingiva
the v-shaped groove that splits the anterior part of the tongue from the posterior section is known as
sulcus terminalis
Smooth ____ ____ ____epithelium covers the tongue’s undersurface and dorsum, except over filiform papillae on the dorsum, where epithelium is _______
nonkeratinized stratified squamous, parakeratinized
A roughened dorsal surface characterizes the ___ two thirds of the tongue
anterior
what are the three types of lingual papillae seen
filiform, fungiform, circumvallate
The posterior third of the tongue lacks ___ ____, but its dorsal surface is studded by 35–100 irregular mucosal bulges that correspond to lingual tonsils
lingual papillae
the most numerous papillae of the tongue are the __ papillae, which help to manipulate food and increase friction with it during mastication.
filiform
poorly keratinized papillae that are scattered singly or ni small groups (most being near the tip of the tongue) between the filiform papillae are known as
fungiform papillae
one row of 8-12 papillae that lie just anterior to the sulcus terminalis are called _____, and are also the largest type of papillae
circumvallate
circumvallate papillae are sunk beneath the surface, and surrounded by a trench like ___. Serous glands that drain using ducts use secretions to keep these clean of ____
furrow, debris
small intraepithelial organs embedded on the lateral surfaces of the epithelium of fungiform and circumvallate papillae are known as
taste buds
taste buds transduce ___ ____ into nerve pulses, which the brain perceives as ____ sensations
chemical stimuli, gustatory
the hard palate is known as the ___ region while the soft palate is known as the ___ region
anterior, posterior
The rigid ____ palate is made of horizontal bony processes covered by ____ ____ that serves as a working surface for the tongue as it presses against the palate during _____ and swallowing
hard, masticatory mucosa, mastication
the hard palate is consistent of ___ ___ epithelium
stratified squamous
the soft palate is consistent of ___ ____ ____ epithelium
nonkeratinized stratified squamous
a mobile fold with a conical posterior projection called the uvula is known as the
soft palate
the _____ side of the soft palate has a respiratory epithelium-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells.
nasopharyngeal
unlike the hard palate, the soft palate lacks ____, but its core contains a ____ ____ of palatine skeletal muscle
bone, support sheet
Each jaw has 4 ____, mostly for cutting during mastication; 2 ____, for puncturing and grasping; and 10 _____s, for crushing and grinding.
incisors, canines, molars/premolar
Each tooth consists of a ___ ___projecting above the gingiva, and one or more ____ embedded in a bony socket (or alveolus) of the jaws.
free crown , roots
Each root is attached to bone by ___ ___ __ fibers, which form the ____membrane.
densely packed collagen, periodontal
each tooth has a ___ pulp chamber that extends into the ___ ____
central, root canal
The pulp chamber contains a core of loose connective tissue known as ___ ___ which contains blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves
dental pulp
which three mineralized tissues make up the tooth walls
dentin, enamel, cementum
__ surrounds the pulp cavity and makes up the bulk of each tooth
dentin
__ forms a cap over the outer dentin surface in the area of the crown
enamel
the dentin is ___ in the root of the teeth
porous
_____ is the hardest substance in the body, is brittle, and fractures easily.
Enamel
the sublingual gland is almost completely ____
mucous
produce saliva and empty secretory products via ducts in the oral cavity.
major salivary glands
lubricates and protects oral tissues, is an aqueous solvent for taste, and as a masticatory wetting agent, aids swallowing.
saliva
Saliva also starts digestion of carbohydrates by secreting
α-amylase (ptyalin)
the largest salivary gland in the oral cavity is the ___ which is an exclusively serous exocrine gland producing 30% of saliva per day
parotid
the second largest gland, egg-shaped, lies on the floor of the oral cavity and accounts for 60% of saliva production
submandibular
most of the submandibular gland’s secretory units are serous, however, it also has ___ ____
mucous acini
This flat, almond-shaped organ sits beneath the mucous membrane in the floor of the mouth and produces ~5% of saliva
sublingual
small, isolated glands in the lips, cheeks, tongue, and palate.
minor salivary glands
parotid glands drain into __ ___which are lined by columnar cells
striated ducts
Striations of the striated ducts found in the salivary glands are basal infoldings of the ___ ____.
plasma membrane
The of salivary glands modify the composition of saliva via resorption of Na+, which makes saliva hypotonic.
ducts
the esophagus includes ___ ___ epithelium
stratified squamous
under the submucosal layer of the esophagus lie:
two layers of smooth muscle
The upper third of the esophagus has ___muscle fibers; the middle third, a _____ muscle; and the lower third, only ____ muscle.
skeletal , mixture of smooth and skeletal, smooth
upper sphincter of the esophagus is an anatomically distinct structure of skeletal muscle fibers of the _____ muscle
cricopharyngeus
at the esophagastric junction there is an epithelial change from ___ ___ to __ ___. which is known as the _-___
stratified squamous, simple columnar, Z-Line
in this condition, columnar epithelium, similar to that of the stomach, replaces the usual stratified squamous epithelium
Barretts esophagus
Epithelium lining the esophageal lumen is mainly protective, with ___ ____ providing a thin, highly viscous film of mucus to lubricate the luminal surface
mucous glands
two different types of mucous glands that occur in the esophagus are
superficial and submucosal
The digestive tract, from the esophagus to the anus, has its own intrinsic nerve supply—the ____ ____ ___—consisting of an extensive network of nerve fibers, clusters of nerve cell bodies (ganglion cells), and supportive (glial) cells.
enteric nervous system
