Chapter 14: Liver, gallbladder, exocrine pancreas

Question 1

the liver is located in the ____ of the abdomen

Answer 1

RUQ

Question 2

these two ligaments separate the large left and right lobules from each other on the liver

Answer 2

falciform/round

Question 3

the ___ surface contains the caudate and quadrate lobules

Answer 3

visceral

Question 4

if left untreated, patients with hepatitis C will develop _____

Answer 4

cirrhosis

Question 5

the ____ is located on the posterior surface of the liver

Answer 5

gallbladder

Question 6

the central vein, hepatic artery, and bile duct are all three together known as the ___ ___.

Answer 6

portal triad

Question 7

terminal branches of portal veins empty into ___ ____.

Answer 7

hepatic sinusoids

Question 8

the two main functions of the liver include ____ the ___ and produce ___.

Answer 8

cleanse, blood, bile

Question 9

one unique feature of the liver includes a ___ blood supply from the GI tract (___%) and hepatic arteries(___%)

Answer 9

dual, 75, 25

Question 10

this is another name for the connective tissue that covers the portal triad

Answer 10

portal tract

Question 11

these small ducts drain canaliculi approaching each lobule

Answer 11

Canals of hering

Question 12

Canals of hering eventually drain into ___ ___ ___

Answer 12

larger bile ducts

Question 13

the narrow fluid-filled perivascular space separating the endothelial lining of sinusoids is known as the ___ _ ____

Answer 13

Space of Disse

Question 14

this zone of the acinus is usually used for alcohol detoxification

Answer 14

zone 3

Question 15

the connective tissue layer that encapsulates the liver is known as

Answer 15

Glisson capsule

Question 16

where it faces the peritoneal cavity, the glisson capsule is covered with

Answer 16

serous mesothelium

Question 17

polyhedral parenchymal cells that are arranged in irregular plates between hepatic sinusoids are known as

Answer 17

hepatocytes

Question 18

three functional surfaces of hepatocytes include:

Answer 18

canicular surface, sinusoidal surface, and a middle surface between the two

Question 19

the absorptive surface of the hepatocyte is studded with ____ that face the space of disse

Answer 19

microvilli

Question 20

fatty liver occurs when the organ fills with ___ ____, forms _____, and can be secondary to chronic alcoholism

Answer 20

lipid droplets, adipocytes

Question 21

____ cells are specialized immunity cells for the liver that have phagocytic properties and remove bacteria, virus, and tumor cells to protect the liver.

Answer 21

Kupffer

Question 22

Kupffer cells have abundant ___ and ___ on their surfaces

Answer 22

filopedia, microvilli

Question 23

the long microvilli that project into the space of disse ___ ___ ___ and enhance the rate of ____

Answer 23

increase surface area, metabolites

Question 24

these cells found in the space of disse secrete growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix proteins

Answer 24

Ito cells

Question 25

these star shaped cells in the space of disse store and regulate 80% of total ____ in the body via ___ ____.

Answer 25

retinoids, lipid droplets

Question 26

the liver is well known for being rich in vitamin __.

Answer 26

A

Question 27

the smallest intrahepatic ducts have one layer of ___ ___ _____surrounding a small lumen.

Answer 27

small cuboidal cells

Question 28

as ducts get larger in the liver, the cells become ____

Answer 28

columnar

Question 29

the bile duct is made up of ___ ___ epithelia

Answer 29

simple columnar

Question 30

detoxified waste for elimination via alimentary canals is known as

Answer 30

bile

Question 31

to prevent bile leakage, the lateral borders of hepatocytes are reinforced with ____ & ___ _____.

Answer 31

desmosomes and tight junctions

Question 32

the hollow, pear shaped organ lying in the shallow fossa on the inferior surface of the liver is the ____.

Answer 32

Gallbladder

Question 33

three parts of gallbladder:

Answer 33

fundus, body, neck

Question 34

the function of the gallbladder includes storing ___ and concentrating it by absorbing _____ & ______.

Answer 34

bile, water, electrolytes

Question 35

the gallbladder is connected to the liver and duodenum by the ____ ___ ____.

Answer 35

biliary duct system

Question 36

the gallbladder drains through the ___ ___.

Answer 36

cystic duct

Question 37

the cystic duct joins the ___ ____ ___ to form the common bile duct

Answer 37

common hepatic duct

Question 38

three layers of gallbladder include:

Answer 38

mucosa, muscularis, and serosa

Question 39

the gallbladder is made of ___ ___ epithelium with many ____

Answer 39

simple columnar, microvilli

Question 40

the mucosa of the gallbladder forms ____

Answer 40

ridges

Question 41

the outer layer of the gallbladder includes ___, ___ ___, and a rich lymphatic plexus

Answer 41

nerves, blood vessels

Question 42

___ is released from the GB by reflex contraction of smooth muscle in response to the hormone _____.

Answer 42

Bile, cholecystokinin

Question 43

this accessory digestive gland is located on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity, in the retroperitoneal position near the 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebrae

Answer 43

pancreas

Question 44

the head of the pancreas lies in the ___ of the _____

Answer 44

concavity duodenum

Question 45

the ____/___/___ extend transveresly into the spleen

Answer 45

neck, body, tail

Question 46

the ___ ____ separates the pancreas from the posterior abdominal wall

Answer 46

omental bursa

Question 47

the ___ portion of the pancreas makes up 99% of its weight is is made of ____ acini with associated ducts

Answer 47

exocrine, secretory

Question 48

__ cells produce pancreatic juice which contains ____ enzymes that empty through the excretory duct system into the ____

Answer 48

Acinar, digestive, duodenum

Question 49

the endocrine portion of the pancreas contains __ __ ___ which produce hormones that affect carbohydrate metabolism

Answer 49

islets of Langerhans

Question 50

___ cells surround islets in the pancreas

Answer 50

Acinar

Question 51

the ___ ____ ____ transverses the whole organ

Answer 51

main pancreatic duct

Question 52

the main pancreatic duct opens into the duodenum with the ___ ___

Answer 52

bile duct

Question 53

the smaller pancreatic duct receives branches from the ____

Answer 53

head

Question 54

each oval shaped acini consists of one layer of ___ ___ around a central ____

Answer 54

cuboidal cells, lumen

Question 55

examples of digestive enzymes secreted by the pancreas

Answer 55

trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase, lipase, and carboxypeptidase

Question 56

digestive enzymes of the pancreas are secreted ____ by ____

Answer 56

exocytosis, vesicles.