Chapter 14: Liver, gallbladder, exocrine pancreas Flashcards
the liver is located in the ____ of the abdomen
RUQ
these two ligaments separate the large left and right lobules from each other on the liver
falciform/round
the ___ surface contains the caudate and quadrate lobules
visceral
if left untreated, patients with hepatitis C will develop _____
cirrhosis
the ____ is located on the posterior surface of the liver
gallbladder
the central vein, hepatic artery, and bile duct are all three together known as the ___ ___.
portal triad
terminal branches of portal veins empty into ___ ____.
hepatic sinusoids
the two main functions of the liver include ____ the ___ and produce ___.
cleanse, blood, bile
one unique feature of the liver includes a ___ blood supply from the GI tract (___%) and hepatic arteries(___%)
dual, 75, 25
this is another name for the connective tissue that covers the portal triad
portal tract
these small ducts drain canaliculi approaching each lobule
Canals of hering
Canals of hering eventually drain into ___ ___ ___
larger bile ducts
the narrow fluid-filled perivascular space separating the endothelial lining of sinusoids is known as the ___ _ ____
Space of Disse
this zone of the acinus is usually used for alcohol detoxification
zone 3
the connective tissue layer that encapsulates the liver is known as
Glisson capsule
where it faces the peritoneal cavity, the glisson capsule is covered with
serous mesothelium
polyhedral parenchymal cells that are arranged in irregular plates between hepatic sinusoids are known as
hepatocytes
three functional surfaces of hepatocytes include:
canicular surface, sinusoidal surface, and a middle surface between the two
the absorptive surface of the hepatocyte is studded with ____ that face the space of disse
microvilli
fatty liver occurs when the organ fills with ___ ____, forms _____, and can be secondary to chronic alcoholism
lipid droplets, adipocytes
____ cells are specialized immunity cells for the liver that have phagocytic properties and remove bacteria, virus, and tumor cells to protect the liver.
Kupffer
Kupffer cells have abundant ___ and ___ on their surfaces
filopedia, microvilli
the long microvilli that project into the space of disse ___ ___ ___ and enhance the rate of ____
increase surface area, metabolites
these cells found in the space of disse secrete growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix proteins
Ito cells
these star shaped cells in the space of disse store and regulate 80% of total ____ in the body via ___ ____.
retinoids, lipid droplets
the liver is well known for being rich in vitamin __.
A
the smallest intrahepatic ducts have one layer of ___ ___ _____surrounding a small lumen.
small cuboidal cells
as ducts get larger in the liver, the cells become ____
columnar
the bile duct is made up of ___ ___ epithelia
simple columnar
detoxified waste for elimination via alimentary canals is known as
bile
to prevent bile leakage, the lateral borders of hepatocytes are reinforced with ____ & ___ _____.
desmosomes and tight junctions
the hollow, pear shaped organ lying in the shallow fossa on the inferior surface of the liver is the ____.
Gallbladder
three parts of gallbladder:
fundus, body, neck
the function of the gallbladder includes storing ___ and concentrating it by absorbing _____ & ______.
bile, water, electrolytes
the gallbladder is connected to the liver and duodenum by the ____ ___ ____.
biliary duct system
the gallbladder drains through the ___ ___.
cystic duct
the cystic duct joins the ___ ____ ___ to form the common bile duct
common hepatic duct
three layers of gallbladder include:
mucosa, muscularis, and serosa
the gallbladder is made of ___ ___ epithelium with many ____
simple columnar, microvilli
the mucosa of the gallbladder forms ____
ridges
the outer layer of the gallbladder includes ___, ___ ___, and a rich lymphatic plexus
nerves, blood vessels
___ is released from the GB by reflex contraction of smooth muscle in response to the hormone _____.
Bile, cholecystokinin
this accessory digestive gland is located on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity, in the retroperitoneal position near the 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebrae
pancreas
the head of the pancreas lies in the ___ of the _____
concavity duodenum
the ____/___/___ extend transveresly into the spleen
neck, body, tail
the ___ ____ separates the pancreas from the posterior abdominal wall
omental bursa
the ___ portion of the pancreas makes up 99% of its weight is is made of ____ acini with associated ducts
exocrine, secretory
__ cells produce pancreatic juice which contains ____ enzymes that empty through the excretory duct system into the ____
Acinar, digestive, duodenum
the endocrine portion of the pancreas contains __ __ ___ which produce hormones that affect carbohydrate metabolism
islets of Langerhans
___ cells surround islets in the pancreas
Acinar
the ___ ____ ____ transverses the whole organ
main pancreatic duct
the main pancreatic duct opens into the duodenum with the ___ ___
bile duct
the smaller pancreatic duct receives branches from the ____
head
each oval shaped acini consists of one layer of ___ ___ around a central ____
cuboidal cells, lumen
examples of digestive enzymes secreted by the pancreas
trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase, lipase, and carboxypeptidase
digestive enzymes of the pancreas are secreted ____ by ____
exocytosis, vesicles.
