Chapter 9 Lecture

Question 1

What is marriage?

Answer 1

A source of love, care, and commitment BUT governed by norms and laws that determine the rights and responsibilities of spouses.

Question 2

What were the Puritanical beliefs around women and sexuality?

Answer 2

Women as a weaker vessel, not self-disciplined or rational. Women as unable to constrain desires (Eve and apple). Sex restricted to heterosexual couples with the aim of reproducing- nonmarital and nonreproductive prohibited.

Question 3

How did the tribes of NA view sex and sexuality?

Answer 3

No ownership- tribes accepted intercourse and children in all forms prior to colonization and dehumanization by the white bitches.

Question 4

How are property and paternity linked?

Answer 4

They emerged together as society industrialized- seen as the need to pass along wealth, control sexual freedom, and get legitimate financial heirs.

Question 5

What were the rules of sex during the puritan era?

Answer 5

Strictly for reproduction- married couples also could not abstain to sex and women were encouraged to leave their husbands if they could not conceive. Sex was about group survival.

Question 6

What is commodification?

Answer 6

Process by which goods transition from something a family provided for itself into something bought with a wage.

Question 7

What was the trend of toddlers being in cages?

Answer 7

When families began living in cramped cities they added storage cages attached to windows for their toddlers to get fresh air- fresh air was also helpful for tuberculosis.

Question 8

What were the ideas on sex and sexuality during the Victorian era?

Answer 8

Romantic era-advocated for sexual moderation and romantic love by feminists- sex as an expression of love. Women as motivated by love and men by sex.

Question 9

What other ideas took hold during the Victorian era?

Answer 9

The idea of opposite sex and the sexual double standard.

Question 10

What was the attempted strategy of early feminists when trying to convince of women’s equality?

Answer 10

Women became more spiritual- men as deeply tied to their bodies (Carnal and celestial), women as loving and not lustful.

Question 11

What is the sexual double standard?

Answer 11

Different rules for the sexual behaviour of men and women.

Question 12

What is the good girl/bad girl dichotomy?

Answer 12

Emerged during the Victorian era- idea that women who behave themselves sexually are worth of respect and women who do not are not worthy.

Question 13

When did the idea of sex for pleasure come about?

Answer 13

1920s due to economic prosperity and the young beginning to work-idea of dating was invented.

Question 14

What is calling?

Answer 14

When young men were invited to the home of the woman for chaperoned visits- dating before industrial rev.

Question 15

When did the idea of “sexy” come about?

Answer 15

1923

Question 16

What inspired the birth of mass entertainment and dating?

Answer 16

Concentrations of people with money, free time, and opportunities to socialize. The roaring 20s gave working class men and women opps to mingle.

Question 17

How does the power balance shift with dating versus calling?

Answer 17

Dating: Men have money, women do not. Men have the power in the encounter and would treat (treating) women to nights out. With calling, women had control over who came by and when.

Question 18

What is treating?

Answer 18

When a man funds a womans night on the town-establishments tried to keep up the idea that this was not like prostitution.

Question 19

What was the Charleston dance invented to do?

Answer 19

Have men and women dance side by side as equals.

Question 20

What is the idea behind the rules of attraction?

Answer 20

Men resented the idea of spending money to date women, so women had to make themselves look worth it by doing their hair, makeup, and dieting.

Question 21

Why was sex dangerous for women in a time of growing sexual freedom?

Answer 21

Birth control was still limited by law.

Question 22

What were the characteristics of the feminist movement in the 1800s-1900s?

Answer 22

Earliest feminist demands was for women to have legal right to own property rather than be property-this would eventually make other rights possible.

Question 23

What is the idea of the breadwinner/housewife?

Answer 23

“Separate but equal” marraige model. Men and women contributions as different but complementary- no legal subordination but the roles are rigid and you could be sued for a breach of contract

Question 24

What is the idea of unionization?

Answer 24

Men had right to support a home and a family on their wages alone.

Question 25

What is the cult of domesticity?

Answer 25

Expectation that women will do domestic work.

Question 26

What were the funny 50s?

Answer 26

Rosie the riveter saw women working in factory jobs during WWII. After soldiers came back, women were expected to return to domesticity. Boom in babies, drop in divorce rates, entrenchment of nuclear family.

Question 27

What was WWII’s role in same sex attraction?

Answer 27

Appearance of first gay bars and advocacy for gay rights-gay women as less publicly visible (celibate spinsters)

Question 28

How were politics censored in the 50s?

Answer 28

Focused more on the nucelear family, gender binary, and sexual conservatism. Homosexuality as not okay.

Question 29

What did dating turn into in the 50s?

Answer 29

Going steady- short, exclusive, and public pairing with the result of marriage.

Question 30

What types of things did conservatism accelerate?

Answer 30

Pre-marital sex and rates of teen pregnancy.

Question 31

What is the idea of marriage prospects?

Answer 31

Seen as incredibly important to young girls in the 50s- going steady assured her a date to important nights and reduced her chance of becoming an old made.

Question 32

Was the 1950s version of the traditional marriage an actual reality?

Answer 32

No it was more of a myth-women still left home for paid work

Question 33

What happened with the introduction of the new middle class?

Answer 33

Opened doors for more women to work for pay.

Question 34

Why were women needed in the workforce?

Answer 34

Due to a loss of a quarter million men in world war 2 and low birth rates.

Question 35

What was the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

Answer 35

Discrimination in the workplace on the basis of sex, race, colour, religion, and national origin as illegal.

Question 36

What percentage of women were employed in 1980?

Answer 36

51%, married and single women at equal rates.

Question 37

What happened in 1972 which opened up more professional doors for women?

Answer 37

Law against discrimination in schooling.

Question 38

How did divorce laws change?

Answer 38

Changed to allow both men and women to initiate proceedings without a valid reason- more women began to decide that having an uncooperative husband was something they did not want.

Question 39

What types of policies were enacted to equalize power and allow for a work-life balance?

Answer 39

Social security, money management, etc.