Chapter 11 Lecture Flashcards
What is the second shift?
Childcare, cleaning, feeding, errand running
What was child-rearing like in the 1800s? (Individual mothers).
Children were expected to look after themselves and experts argued that too much attention to children was harmful (Watson)
When did the ideology of intensive motherhood first arise?
Through wealthy, white, victorian wives who claimed motherhood was essential, delicate, and time-consuming.
What is the idea of intensive motherhood?
1) Childrearing should include copious amounts of time, energy, and materials
2) Giving these to children takes priority over all other interests, desires, and demands
3) Should be mothers who do this work- resist the devaluing of women’s work.
What is concerted cultivation (part of intensive mothering)
An active and organized effort to develop in children a wide range of skills, talents, avoid restraining devices, constant interaction, extracurriculars and academic achievement (done by mothers because fathers are incompetent) .
What percentage of paid and unpaid work do fathers versus mothers do?
Fathers: 2/3 paid, 1/3 unpaid. Opposite for mothers.
What are traditionalists?
Believe that men should be responsible for earning income and women for housework and childcare-advocates for specialization
What is specialization?
Splitting unpaid and paid work so each partner does more of one than the other.
In what types of families does specialization typically happen?
Highest and lowest income families.
What are neo-traditionalists?
Believe that a woman should be able to work ishe desires as long as it doesn’t interfere with her “real” duty to care for husband and children. Housecare still falls on the woman even if she works fulltime- man as a “helper “ in the house.
What are superspouses?
Those who do more of the 2nd shift and the majority of invisible work- intellectual, mental, and emotional work of parenting and household maintenance.
What is the the mommy tax?
Taking time out of the workforce to raise small children and then reentering the workforce means a loss of wages, benefits, and pension contributions.
What is domestic outsourcing?
Refers to paying non family members to do family-related tasks- common among highly educated, career-focused, professional class couples. Helps couples build and maintain egalitarian relationships but does not take away from devaluation.
What is the care chain?
Series of nurturing relationships in which childcare, care of disabled or elderly is displaced onto disadvantaged/unpaid caregivers who are female and poor. Often have children of their own and get cheaper caregivers or family and friends.
What is egalitarian?
Most men and women today prefer relationships where both partners do their fair share of breadwinning, housekeeping, and childrearing.
