Chapter 7 Lecture Flashcards
What must women do in order to be accepted if they also want to be slightly masculine?
Also have feminine qualities to back up these traits- women have more freedom to resist the gender binary,, however, femininity is still relatively compulsory.
What happened to cheerleading in the 1990s?
It was masculinized again and between this time and 2012, injuries almost doubled.
Why do people admire when women enter masculine occupations?
Due to the defiance of stereotypes and due to them being more esteemed professions
What is the feminine apologetic?
A woman’s performance of femininity can soothe others concerns about her appropriation of masculinity (this is also intersectional and not equally available for all women).
What is an example of the feminine apologetic?
Wonder woman- strong and powerful, yet also sexy and interested in men
What is the typical view of femininity?
White, long, straight, wavy, light-coloured hair.
Who may be forced to perform a feminine apologetic?
Women who are already ascribed masculine traits such as black or queer women.
What are Pariah femininities?
Ways of being a woman that , by directly challenging male dominance, are widely and aggressively policed (not enough femininities)
What is benevolent sexism?
Attribution of positive traits to women that justify subordination to men. Makes women seem dependent.
What is hostile sexism?
The use of harassment, threats, and violence to enforce womens subservience to men.
What are we also required to do when we do femininity?
Subordination. Women are believed to be better suited than men to forgo leisure time, career aspirations, and education in order to help others. Icons of femininity such as nurses, mothers, and wives are supportive and not leading roles.
What is an example of hedging?
“I’d kind of,” “It seems like”
What is aggrieved entitlement?
Anger about something that men believe they own, deserve, or is being unjustly taken or withheld.
What is misogyny?
Men’s fear and hatred of women with power.
How much more likely are transgender women to be killed than non trans gender women?
4X
What is the bystander approach to domestic violence?
Instead of solely thinking in terms of the victim or perpetrator, instead think of those who may be associated with them- must call out others and not victim blame.
What is emphatic sameness?
Involves downplaying femininity in exchange for the right to do masculinity (one of the guys). Embracing androcentrism to avoid both types of sexism. Only possible in specific masculinized contexts, men tolerate the presence of women who are successful in the performance of masculinity.
Why do women bargain with the patriarchy?
To maximize autonomy, safety, and wellbeing. Use femininity to find support from a man.
What is the idea of double bind?
Situation in which cultural expectations are contradictory, making success unattainable (Example: To be powerful is to fail as a woman, but to succeed as a woman is to give up power)
What is feminism?
The belief that all men and women should have equal rights and opportunities.
What is the matrix of domination?
What feminists target today- structure in which multiple hierarchies intersect to create a pyramid of privileged with advantaged people on top.
