Chapter 9 Key Terms

Question 0

An organic chemical substance that is produced by one body tissue and conveyed via the bloodstream to another to affect some physiological function. Various hormones influence thoughts, urges, emotions, and behavior

Answer 0

hormone

Question 1

The time between the first onrush of hormones and full adult physical development. It usually lasts three to five years. Many more years are required to achieve psychosocial maturity.

Answer 1

puberty

Question 2

A person’s idea of how his or her body looks

Answer 2

body image

Question 3

The parts of the body that are directly involved in reproduction, including the vagina, uterus, ovaries, testicles, and penis

Answer 3

primary sex characteristics

Question 4

Physical traits that are not directly involved in reproduction but that indicate sexual maturity, such as a man’s beard, a woman’s breasts, or deepening of the voice

Answer 4

secondary sex characteristics

Question 5

Any erotic activity that arouses an adult and excites, shames, or confuses a child, whether or not the victim protests and whether or not genital contact is involved

Answer 5

child sexual abuse

Question 6

A characteristic of adolescent thinking that leads young people (ages 10 to 14) to focus on themselves to the exclusion of others

Answer 6

adolescent egocentrism

Question 7

An aspect of adolescent egocentrism characterized by an adolescent’s belief that his or her thoughts, feelings, or experiences are unique, more wonderful or more awful than anyone else’s

Answer 7

personal fable

Question 8

An adolescent’s egocentric conviction that he or she cannot be overcome or even harmed by anything that might defeat a normal mortal, such as unprotected sex, drug abuse, or high-speed driving

Answer 8

invincibility fable

Question 9

The other people who, in an adolescent’s egocentric belief, are watching and taking note of his or her appearance, ideas, and behavior. This belief makes many teenagers self-conscious

Answer 9

imaginary audience

Question 10

In Piaget’s theory, the fourth and final stage of cognitive development, characterized by more systematic logic and the ability to think about abstract ideas

Answer 10

formal operational thought

Question 11

Reasoning that includes propositions and possibilities that may not reflect reality

Answer 11

hypothetical thought

Question 12

Reasoning from a general statement, premise, or principle, through logical steps, to figure out specifics (sometimes called top-down reasoning)

Answer 12

deductive reasoning

Question 13

Reasoning from one or more specific experiences or facts to a general conclusion; may be less cognitively advanced than deduction (sometimes called bottom-up reasoning)

Answer 13

inductive reasoning

Question 14

The notion that two networks exist within the human brain, one for emotional and one for analytical processing of stimuli

Answer 14

dual-process model

Question 15

Thought that arises from an emotion or a hunch, beyond rational explanation, and is influenced by past experiences and cultural assumptions

Answer 15

intuitive thought

Question 16

Thought that results from analysis, such as a systematic ranking of pros and cons, risks and consequences, possibilities and facts. This thought depends on logic and rationality

Answer 16

analytic thought

Question 17

The period after primary education and before tertiary education. It usually occurs from about age 12 to 18, although the age range varies somewhat by school and by nation

Answer 17

secondary education

Question 18

The gap between students who have access to computers and those who do not, often a gap between rich and poor. In the U.S. and most developed nations, this gap has now been bridged due to the prevalence of computers in school

Answer 18

digital divide

Question 19

Bullying that occurs via Internet insults and rumors, texting, anonymous phone calls, and video embarrassment

Answer 19

cyberbullying