Chapter 7 Key Terms

Question 0

A chronic disease of the respiratory system in which inflammation narrows the airways from the nose and mouth to the lungs, causing difficulty in breathing. Signs and symptoms include wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing.

Answer 0

asthma

Question 1

The period between early childhood and early adolescence, approximately from ages 7 to 11

Answer 1

middle childhood

Question 2

In an adult, having a BMI of 25 to 29.
In a child, having a BMI above the 85th percentile, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control’s 1980 standards for children of a given age

Answer 2

overweight

Question 3

In an adult, having a BMI of 30 or more
In a child, having a BMI above the 94th percentile, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control’s 1980 standards for children of a given age

Answer 3

obesity

Question 4

Piaget’s term for the ability to reason logically about direct experiences and perceptions

Answer 4

concrete operational thought

Question 5

The ability to concentrate on some stimuli while ignoring others

Answer 5

selective attention

Question 6

A process in which repetition of a sequence of thoughts and actions makes the sequence routine, so that it no longer requires conscious thought

Answer 6

automatization

Question 7

“Thinking about thinking”; the ability to evaluate a cognitive task in order to determine how best to accomplish it, and then to monitor and adjust one’s performance on that task

Answer 7

metacognition

Question 8

The potential to master a specific skill or to learn a certain body of knowledge

Answer 8

aptitude

Question 9

The rise in average IQ scores that has occurred over the decades in many nations

Answer 9

Flynn effect

Question 10

Literally, slow, or late, thinking. In practice, people are labeled this if they score below 70 on an IQ test and if they are markedly behind their peers in the ability to meet the basic requirements of daily life

Answer 10

mental retardation

Question 11

A U.S. law enforced in 2001 that was intended to increase accountability in education by requiring states to qualify for federal education funding by administering standardized test to measure school achievement

Answer 11

No Child Left Behind Act

Question 12

An ongoing and nationally representative measure of U.S. children’s achievement in reading, math, and other subjects over time; nicknamed “the nation’s report card”

Answer 12

National Assessment of Educational Progress

Question 13

Children who, because of physical or mental disability, require extra help in order to learn

Answer 13

children with special needs

Question 14

The field that sues insights into typical development to understand a remediate developmental disorders, and vice versa

Answer 14

development psychopathology

Question 15

The American Psychiatric Association’s official guid to the diagnosis of mental disorders

Answer 15

DSM-IV-TR

Question 16

The presence of two or more unrelated disease conditions at the same time in the same person

Answer 16

comorbidity

Question 17

A marked delay in a particular area of learning that is not caused by an apparent physical disability, mental retardation, or by an unusually stressful home environment

Answer 17

learning disability

Question 18

Any of several disorders characterized by impaired communication, inadequate social skills, and unusual patterns of play

Answer 18

autistic spectrum disorder

Question 19

An autistic spectrum disorder characterized by extreme attention to details and deficient social understanding

Answer 19

Aspergers syndrome