Chapter 12 Key Terms

Question 0

A loss of hearing that is associated with senescence and that usually does not become apparent until after age 60

Answer 0

Presbycusis

Question 1

A gradual decline that is related to aging and during which the body becomes less strong and efficient

Answer 1

Senescence

Question 2

A technique in which ova (egg cells) are surgically removed from a woman and fertilized with sperm in a laboratory. After the original fertilized cells (the zygote) have divided several times, they are inserted into the woman’s uterus

Answer 2

In vitro fertilization (IVF)

Question 3

The time in middle age, usually around age 50, when a woman’s menstrual period cease completely and the production of estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone drops considerably. Strictly speaking, it is dated to one year after a woman’s last menstrual period

Answer 3

Menopause

Question 4

Treatment to compensate for hormone reduction at menopause or following surgical removal of the ovaries. Such treatment, which usually involves estrogen and progesterone, minimizes menopausal symptoms and diminishes the risk of osteoporosis in later adulthood

Answer 4

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

Question 5

A term coined to signify a drop in testosterone levels in older men, which normally results in a reduction in sexual desire, erections, and muscle mass. Also known as male menopause

Answer 5

Andropause

Question 6

Death. As a measure of health, it usually refers to the number of deaths each year per 1,000 members of a given population

Answer 6

Mortality

Question 7

Disease. As a measure of health, it refers to the rate of disease of all kinds - physical and emotional, acute (sudden), chronic (ongoing), and fatal - in a given population

Answer 7

Morbidity

Question 8

Long-term difficulty in performing normal activities of daily life because of some physical, emotional, or mental condition

Answer 8

Disability

Question 9

A measure of health that refers to how healthy and energetic - physically, emotionally and socially - an individual actually feels

Answer 9

Vitality

Question 10

A construct based on the idea that intelligence is one basic trait that involves all cognitive abilities, which people possess in varying amounts

Answer 10

General intelligence (g)

Question 11

The first cross-sequential study of adult intelligence. K. Warner Schaie began this study in 1956; the most recent testing was conducted in 2005

Answer 11

Seattle Longitudinal Study

Question 12

Those types of basic intelligence that make learning of all sorts quick and thorough. Abilities such as working memory, abstract thought, and speed of thinking are usually considered aspects

Answer 12

fluid intelligence

Question 13

Those types of intellectual ability that reflect accumulated learning. Vocabulary and general information are examples

Answer 13

crystallized intelligence

Question 14

The theory, developed by Paul and Margaret Baltes, that people try to maintain a balance in their lives by looking for the best way to compensate for physical and cognitive losses and to become more proficient in activities they can already do well

Answer 14

selective optimization with compensation

Question 15

Someone who is notably more skilled and knowledgeable than the average person about whichever activities are personally meaningful

Answer 15

selective expert