Chapter 9 Key Terms Flashcards
(38 cards)
Personality
The structures and propensities inside people that explain their characteristic patterns
Traits
Recurring tends in people’s responses to their environment
Cultural values
Shared beliefs about desirable end states or modes of conduct in a given culture that influence the expression of traits
Conscientiousness
One of the “Big Five” dimensions of personality reflecting traits like being dependable, organized, reliable, ambitions, hardworking, and persevering
Agreeableness
One of the “Big Five” dimensions of personality reflecting traits like being kind, cooperative, sympathetic, helpful, courteous, and warm
Neuroticism
One of the “Big Five” dimensions of personality reflecting traits like being nervous, moody, emotional, insecure, jealous, and unstable.
Openness to experience
One of the “Big Five” dimensions of personality reflecting traits like being curious, imaginative, creative, complex, refined, and sophisticated.
Extraversion
One of the “Big Five” dimensions of personality reflecting traits like being talkative, sociable, passionate, assertive, bold, and dominant
Big Five
The five major dimensions of personality including, conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness to experience, and extraversion
Accomplishment striving
A strong desire to accomplish task-related goals as a means of expressing personality
Communion striving
A strong desire to obtain acceptance in personal relationships as a means of expressing personality
Zero aquanintance
Situations in which two people have just met
Status striving
A strong desire to obtain power and influence within a social structure as a means of expressing personality
Positive affectivity
A dispositional tendency to experience pleasant, engaging moods such as enthusiasm, excitement, and elation.
Negative affectivity
A dispositional tendency to experience unpleasant moods such as hostility, nervousness, and annoyance.
Differential exposure
Being more likely to appraise day-to-day situations as stressful, thereby feeling that stressors are encountered more frequently.
Differential reactvity
Being less likely to believe that they can cope with the stressors experienced on a daily basis.
Locus of control
Whether people believe the events that occur around them are self-driven or driven by the external environment
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
A personality framework that evaluates people on the basis of four types or preferences: extraversion versus introversion, sensing versus intuition, thinking versus feeling, and judging versus perciving.
Interests
Expressions of personality that influence behavior through preferences for certain environments and activities.
RIASEC model
An interest framework summarized by six different personality types including realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional.
Culture
The shared values, beliefs, motives, identities, and interpretations that result from common experiences of members of a society and are transmitted across generations.
Individualism-collectivism
The degree to which a culture has a loosely knit social framework (individualism) or a tight social framework (collectivism).
Power distance
The degree to which a culture prefers equal power distribution (low power distance) or an unequal power distribution (high power distance).