Chapter 9 Key Terms Flashcards

(38 cards)

1
Q

Personality

A

The structures and propensities inside people that explain their characteristic patterns

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2
Q

Traits

A

Recurring tends in people’s responses to their environment

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3
Q

Cultural values

A

Shared beliefs about desirable end states or modes of conduct in a given culture that influence the expression of traits

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4
Q

Conscientiousness

A

One of the “Big Five” dimensions of personality reflecting traits like being dependable, organized, reliable, ambitions, hardworking, and persevering

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5
Q

Agreeableness

A

One of the “Big Five” dimensions of personality reflecting traits like being kind, cooperative, sympathetic, helpful, courteous, and warm

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6
Q

Neuroticism

A

One of the “Big Five” dimensions of personality reflecting traits like being nervous, moody, emotional, insecure, jealous, and unstable.

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7
Q

Openness to experience

A

One of the “Big Five” dimensions of personality reflecting traits like being curious, imaginative, creative, complex, refined, and sophisticated.

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8
Q

Extraversion

A

One of the “Big Five” dimensions of personality reflecting traits like being talkative, sociable, passionate, assertive, bold, and dominant

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9
Q

Big Five

A

The five major dimensions of personality including, conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness to experience, and extraversion

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10
Q

Accomplishment striving

A

A strong desire to accomplish task-related goals as a means of expressing personality

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11
Q

Communion striving

A

A strong desire to obtain acceptance in personal relationships as a means of expressing personality

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12
Q

Zero aquanintance

A

Situations in which two people have just met

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13
Q

Status striving

A

A strong desire to obtain power and influence within a social structure as a means of expressing personality

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14
Q

Positive affectivity

A

A dispositional tendency to experience pleasant, engaging moods such as enthusiasm, excitement, and elation.

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15
Q

Negative affectivity

A

A dispositional tendency to experience unpleasant moods such as hostility, nervousness, and annoyance.

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16
Q

Differential exposure

A

Being more likely to appraise day-to-day situations as stressful, thereby feeling that stressors are encountered more frequently.

17
Q

Differential reactvity

A

Being less likely to believe that they can cope with the stressors experienced on a daily basis.

18
Q

Locus of control

A

Whether people believe the events that occur around them are self-driven or driven by the external environment

19
Q

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

A

A personality framework that evaluates people on the basis of four types or preferences: extraversion versus introversion, sensing versus intuition, thinking versus feeling, and judging versus perciving.

20
Q

Interests

A

Expressions of personality that influence behavior through preferences for certain environments and activities.

21
Q

RIASEC model

A

An interest framework summarized by six different personality types including realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional.

22
Q

Culture

A

The shared values, beliefs, motives, identities, and interpretations that result from common experiences of members of a society and are transmitted across generations.

23
Q

Individualism-collectivism

A

The degree to which a culture has a loosely knit social framework (individualism) or a tight social framework (collectivism).

24
Q

Power distance

A

The degree to which a culture prefers equal power distribution (low power distance) or an unequal power distribution (high power distance).

25
Uncertainty avoidance
The degree to which a culture tolerates ambiguous situations (low uncertainty avoidance) or feels threatened by them (high uncertainty avoidance)
26
Masculinity-femininity
The degree to which a culture values stereotypically male traits (masculinity) or stereotypically female traits (femininity).
27
Short-term vs long-term orientation
The degree to which a culture stresses values that are past- and present-oriented (short-term orientation) or future-oriented (long-term orientation).
28
Indulgence vs. restraint
The degree to which a culture values expression, freedom, and leisure versus strict social norms and order.
29
Project GLOBE
A collection of 170 researchers from 62 cultures who examine the impact of culture on the effectiveness of leader attributes, behaviors, and practices.
30
Ethnocentrism
A propensity to view one's own cultural values as "right" and those of other cultures as "wrong."
31
Typical performance
Performance in the routine conditions that surround daily job tasks
32
Maximum performance
Performance in brief, special circumstances that demand a person's best effort.
33
Situational strength
The degree to which situations have clear behavioral expectations, incentives, or instructions that make differences between individuals less important.
34
Trait activation
The degree to which situations provide cues that trigger the expression of a given personality trait.
35
Integrity tests
Personality tests that focus specifically on a predisposition to engage in theft and other counterproductive behaviors (sometimes also called "honesty tests."
36
Clear purpose tests
Integrity tests that ask about attitudes toward dishonesty, beliefs about the frequency of dishonesty, desire to punish dishonesty, and confession of past dishonesty.
37
Veiled purpose tests
Integrity tests that do not directly ask about dishonesty, instead assessing more general personality traits associated with dishonest acts.
38
Faking
Exaggerating responses to a personality test in a socially desirable fashion.