Chapter 2 Key Terms

Question 1

Job Performance

Answer 1

Employee behaviors that contribute either positively or negatively to the accomplishment of organizational goals.

Question 2

Task Performance

Answer 2

Employee behaviors that are directly involved in the transformation of organizational resources into the goods or services that the organization procedures.

Question 3

Routine task performance

Answer 3

Well-known or habitual responses by employees to predictable task demands

Question 4

Adaptive task performance

Answer 4

Thoughtful responses by an employee to unique or unusual task demands

Question 5

Creative task performance

Answer 5

The degree to which individuals develop ideas or physical outcomes that are both novel and useful

Question 6

Job analysis

Answer 6

A process by which an organization determines requirements of specific jobs

Question 7

Occupational Information Network (O*NET)

Answer 7

An online database containing job tasks, behaviors, required knowledge, skills, and abilities

Question 8

Citizenship Behaviors

Answer 8

Voluntary employee behaviors that contribute to organizational goals by improving the context in which work takes place

Question 9

Interpersonal citizenship behavior

Answer 9

Going beyond normal job expectations to assist, support, and develop coworkers and colleagues

Question 10

Helping

Answer 10

Assisting coworkers who have heavy workloads, aiding them with personal matters, and showing new employees the ropes when they are first on the job

Question 11

Courtesy

Answer 11

Sharing important information with coworkers

Question 12

Sportsmanship

Answer 12

Maintaining a positive attitude with coworkers through good and bad times

Question 13

Organizational citizenship behavior

Answer 13

Going beyond normal expectations to improve operations of the organization, as well as defending the organization and being loyal to it.

Question 14

Voice

Answer 14

When an employee speaks up to offer constructive suggestions for change, often in reaction to a negative work event

Question 15

Civic Virtue

Answer 15

Participation in company operations at a deeper-than-normal level through voluntary meetings, readings, and keeping up with news that affects the company

Question 16

Boosterism

Answer 16

Positively representing the organization when in public

Question 17

Counterproductive behavior

Answer 17

Employee behaviors that intentionally hinder organizational goal accomplishment

Question 18

Property deviance

Answer 18

Behaviors that harm the organization’s assets and possessions

Question 19

Sabotage

Answer 19

Purposeful destruction of equipment, organizational processes, or company products

Question 20

Theft

Answer 20

Stealing company products or equipment from the organization

Question 21

Production deviance

Answer 21

Intentionally reducing organizational efficiency of work output

Question 22

Wasting Resources

Answer 22

Using too many materials or too much time to do too little work

Question 23

Substance Abuse

Answer 23

The abuse of drugs or alcohol before coming to work or while on the job

Question 24

Political Deviance

Answer 24

Behaviors that intentionally disadvantage other individuals

Question 25

Gossiping

Answer 25

Casual conversations about other people in which the facts are not confirmed as true

Question 26

Incivility

Answer 26

Communication that is rude, impolite, discourteous, and lacking in good manners

Question 27

Personal aggression

Answer 27

hostile verbal and physical actions directed towards other employees

Question 28

Harassment

Answer 28

Unwanted physical contact or verbal remarks from a colleague

Question 29

Abus

Answer 29

Employee assault or endangerment from which physical and psychological injuries may occur

Question 30

Prosocial counterproductive behavior

Answer 30

Workplace behaviors that are intended to benefit others or the organization but, nevertheless, are also counterproductive because they violate norms, rules, policies, or laws; thus, they harm or could potentially harm the organization.

Question 31

Knowledge work

Answer 31

Jobs that primarily involve cognitive activity versus physical activity

Question 32

Service work

Answer 32

Providing a service that involves direct verbal or physical interactions with customers

Question 33

Gig work

Answer 33

Income-earning activities that are generally short-term in nature, temporary, or involve freelance work, and which occur outside the traditional long-term employer-employee relationship.

Question 34

Management by objectives (MBO)

Answer 34

A management philosophy that bases employee evaluations on whether specific performance goals have been met.

Question 35

Behaviorally anchored rating scales (BARS)

Answer 35

Use of examples of critical incidents to evaluate an employee's job performance behaviors directly.

Question 36

360-degree feeddback

Answer 36

A performance evaluation system that uses ratings provided by supervisors, coworkers, subordinates, customers, and the employees themselves

Question 37

Forced-Ranking

Answer 37

A performance management system in which mangers rank subordinates relative to one another

Question 38

Social Performance Management

Answer 38

The use of social media platform for performance management involving ongoing communication among mangers and employees regarding recognition, sharing of goals, progress, and constructive feedback