Chapter 6 Key Terms Flashcards
Motivation
A set of energetic forces that determine the direction, intensity, and persistence of an employee’s work effort
Engagement
A term commonly used in the contemporary workplace to summarize motivation levels
Expectancy theory
A theory that describes the cognitive process employees go through to make choices among different voluntary responses
Expectancy
A belief that exerting a high level of effort will result in successful performance on some task
Self-efficacy
The belief that a person has the capabilities needed to perform the behaviors required on some task
Past accomplishments
The level of success or failure with similar job tasks in the past
Vicarious experiences
Observations of and discussions with others who have performed some work task
Verbal persuasion
Pep talks that lead employees to believe that they can “get the job done.”
Emotional Cues
Positive or negative feelings that can help or hinder task accomplishment
Instrumentality
The belief that successful performance will result in the attainment of some outcomes
Valence
The anticipated value of the outcomes associated with successful performance.
Needs
Groupings or clusters of outcomes viewed as having critical psychological or physiological consequences
Extrinsic motivation
Desire to put forth work effort due to some contingency that depends on task performance
Intrinsic motivation
Desire to put forth work effort due to the sense that task performance serves as its own reward
Meaning of money
The idea that money can have symbolic value (e.g. achievement, respect, freedom) in addition to economic value
Goal setting theory
A theory that views goals as the primary drivers of the intensity and persistence of effort
Specific and difficult goals
Goals that stretch employees to perform at their maximum level while still staying within the boundaries
Specific and difficult goals
Goals that stretch employees to perform at their maximum level while still staying within the boundaries of their ability
Self-set goals
The internalized goals that people use to monitor their own progress
Task strategies
Learning plans and problem-solving approaches used to achieve successful performance
Feedback
In job characteristics theory, it refers to the degree to which the job itself provides information about how well the job holder is doing. In goal setting theory, it refers to progress updates on work goals.
Task complexity
The degree to which the information and actions needed to complete a task are complicated
Goal commitment
The degree to which a person accepts a goal and is determined to reach it
S.M.A.R.T. goals
Acronym that stands for Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Results-Based, Time-Sensitive goals
