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Anatomy > chapter 9 joints > Flashcards

chapter 9 joints Flashcards

1
Q

what do joints do (broad)

A

they are link the bones of the skeletal system, permit effective movement, and protect the softer organs

joint = articulation

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2
Q

what is a joint/articulation

A

any point where two bones meet, whether or not the bones are movable at that interface

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3
Q

what do the suffix -isis, -itis usually indicate

A

indicate the inflammation of….

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4
Q

what is arthrology

A

science of joint structure, function, and dysfunction

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5
Q

what is kinesiology

A

a branch of biomechanics that studys musculoskeletal movement/mechanical processes

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6
Q

how are joints names

A

through the names of the bones involved

center outward

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7
Q

how are joints classified

A

according to the manner in which the bones are bound to each other

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8
Q

what are the four major joint categories

A

bony joint
fibrous joint
cartilaginous joint
synovial joint

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9
Q

what is a bony joint/ what is its real name

A

synotosis

immobile joint

formed in gap between two bones = single bone

ex: epiphyseal lines (adults)
arcuate line
pubis/ilium/ischium

mandibular bones (infants)
cranial sutures (elderly)
first rib attachment to sternum (old age)
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10
Q

what is a fibrous joint

A

synarthrosis

adjacent bones bound by collagen fibers that come from one bone/penetrate the other

3 types

  • sutures
  • ggomphoses
  • syndesmoses
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11
Q

what is a suture

A

immobile + slightly mobile fibrous joint

short collagen fibers that bind bones of skull together

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12
Q

gomphoses

A

immobile fibrous joint

attaches tooth to socket
between teeth and alevelar processes

found on maxilla and mandible

short collagen fibers?

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13
Q

what is syndesmoses

A

slightly mobile fibrous joint

two bones bound by long collagen fibers

found commonly between diaphysis of long bones = also called interosseous membrane

radius ulna
tibia fibula

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14
Q

what is cartilaginous joints

A

amphiarthrosis

slightly moveable

two bones linked by cartilage

two types

  • synchrondrosis
  • symphysis
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15
Q

what is a synchrondrosis

A

a type of cartilaginous joints that are joined by hyaline cartilage

ex: epiphysis to diaphysis (epiphyseal plate)

FIRST rib attachment to sternum

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16
Q

what is symphysis

A

a type of cartilaginous joints that join two bones by fibrocartilage

pubic symphysis joins right and left pubic bones with interpubic disc

bodies of vertebrae joint by intervertebral discs (give spine flexibility)

flexibility during child birth

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17
Q

what are synovial joints

A

diarthrosis joints

joint where two bones are sep by joint cavity
JOINTS DO NOT TOUCH

separated by the synovial fluid

most are freely moveable

arthritis effects here
most familiar
most structurally complex
most likely to develop pain dysfunction
most important for pt/ot
mobility is important for quality of life
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18
Q

what are the general anatomical features of the synovial joint

A

articular cartilage
joint (articular) CAVITY
synovial fluid
joint (articular) CAPSULE

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19
Q

what does the articular cartilage consist of when it comes to synovial joints

A

layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the facing surfaces of two bones

usually 2 or 3 mm thick

20
Q

what is the joint cavity of a synovial joint

A

separates articular surfaces

contains synovial fluid

21
Q

what is the synovial fluid

A

slippery lubricant in the joint cavity

  • rich in albumin (egg white) and hyaluronic acid
  • viscous/slippery (like raw eggs) =lubrication
  • nourishes articular cartilage + removes waste
  • absorbs self in ends of bones making joint dynamic and lubricated
  • prevents most friction
22
Q

what is the joint (articular) capsule

A

connective tissue that encloses the cavity and retains the fluid of the synovial joint

it is collagen based (dense reg/irreg)

pulls the two ends of the bone together

has two parts

  • outer fibrous capsule
  • inner, cellular, synovial membrane
23
Q

what is the outer fibrous capsule

A

a component of the joint capsule of synovial joints

continuous with periosteum of adjoining bones

24
Q

what is the inner, cellular, synovial membrane

A

a componenet of the joint capsule of synovial joints

composed mainly of fibroblast like cells (aka new collagen)

secrete synovial fluid

macrophages = immune response = removes waste

makes new collagen

25
Q

what are the accessory structures of the synovial joints

A 
tendons
ligaments
bursa
tendon sheath
meniscus
26
Q

what is a tendon

what is a ligament

A

tendon= collagenous tissue attaching muscle to bone

ligament = collagenous tissue attaching one bone to anohter

27
Q

what is a bursa

A

an accessory structure of synovial joints

fibrous sac filled with synovial fluid

located between muscles, where tendons pass over bone, or between bone and skin

cushions muscle, helps tendons slide easily over joints, modifies direction of tendon pull

aka mini joint capsule

28
Q

what is a tendon sheath

A

an accessory structure of synovial joints

elongated cylindrical bursa wrapped around a tendon

found in hand and foot

protection

29
Q

what instance does fibrocartilage grow inward from joint capsule

A

meniscus:

accessory structure of synovial joints

moon shaped cartilage in knee (both)

cartilage extends inward from left and right

absorb shock/pressure

guide bones across each other + improve their fit togeyjer

stabilize joints = reduce the chance of dislocation

fibrocartilage version of a bursa

protective

30
Q

the more mobile the joint

A

the less stable

31
Q

what does exercise do to synovial fluid

A

warms it up

makes it less viscous, more easily absorbed by the cartilage

when absorbed, cartilage swells + provides more effective cushion

32
Q

why is warming up before vigorous exercise important

A

helps protect cartilage from undue wear and tear by warm up the synovical fluid = absorbed easier into the cartilage= more of a cushion

33
Q

what does repetitive compression of nonvascular cartilage do during excersize

A

squeezes fluid and metabolic waste out of cartilage

allowing for absorption of synovial fluid (sponge like) also taking in oxygen and nutrients to chondrocytes

no exercise = cartilage deteriorates quicker from inadequate nutrition and waste removal

34
Q

people that are double jointed

A

longer capsuals = super flexible

less stable (thinner fluid)

35
Q

what is range of motion (ROM

A

the degrees through which a joint can move

  • aspect of joint performance
  • physical assessment of patients joint flexibility

three planes of movement

36
Q

what are the three planes of movement

A

linear motion = one plane

angular motion= bind @ 360

rotation = drill hole, rotate

37
Q

What is ROM determined by

A

structure of the articular surfaces

strength and tautness of ligaments and joint capsules

action of muscles and tendons

read slide of this!!!

38
Q

if you can do one of the three planes of motion that is considered….

two planes…

all three planes….

A

do one = monoaxial = movement in one plane

do two= biaxial

do all 3 = multiaxial

the more you can do the less stability that has

39
Q

what are the six classes of synovial joints and what are the differentiated by

A

based on what articular faces look like

ball and socket joint
condylar (ellipsoid)  joint
saddle joint
plane (gliding ) joint 
hinge joint
pivot joint
40
Q

ball and socket joint

A

synovial

4 total in body (scapulohumeral joint / coxafemoral joint)

only multiaxial joint in body = not as stable

smooth, hemispherical head fits within cup like socket

41
Q

condylar (ellipsoid) joint

A

biaxial (linear and angular)

one bone has to have condyle on it

oval convex surface of one bone fits into a complementary shaped depression on the other

radiocarpal joint (wrist)
metacarpal joints
42
Q

saddle joints

A

synovial type joint

biaxial (angular and rotational)

both bones have articular surface that is shaped like saddle, one concave the other convex (90 degrees to eachother)

ex trapeziometacarpal (opposable thumb)

43
Q

plane (gliding) joints

A

synovial type

biaxial (linear/ anglular)

slightly moveable = flat articular surfaces where bones slide over each other

between all carpals of wrist

between tarsal bones of ankle

between articular processes of vertebrae

44
Q

hinge joint

A

synovial tpe

monoaxial = move freely in one plane (anglular)

elbow, knee, finger joints/toe joints

very stable
has a lot of accessory structures (bursa, ligament, tendon, menisici)

the yes (atlas) joint C1

45
Q

pivot joints

A

monoaxial (rotational)

a bone spins on its longitudinal exis

atlantoaxial joint (c1 and c2)= no

not as stable as hinge but still stable

radioulnar joint at elbow

Anatomy (20 decks)

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