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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 9 - Joints > Flashcards

Chapter 9 - Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Joints

A

point of contact between bone, bone and cartilage, or bone and teeth

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2
Q

Functions of joints

A
  • hold skeleton together

- mobility

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3
Q

Structural joints

A
  • type of connective tissue binding bones together

- synovial cavity

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4
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A
  • held together by cartilage
  • synchondrosis
  • symphysis
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5
Q

Synarthrosis

A
  • not able to move
  • axial skeleton, sutures
  • gomphosis, synchondrosis
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6
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A
  • slightly movable
  • axial skeleton
  • syndesmosis, amphiarthrosis
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7
Q

Diarthrosis

A
  • freely movable (i.e. knee)

- appendicular skeleton, synovial joints

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8
Q

Fibrous joints

A
  • joined by dense connective tissue
  • syndesmosis
  • interosseous membrane- connective tissue found between bones (i.e. between radius and ulna)
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9
Q

Syndesmosis

A
  • ligament

- gomphosis

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10
Q

Gomphosis

A

periodontal ligament- teeth connector

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11
Q

Symphysis

A
  • fibrocartilage

- occur in midline of body

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12
Q

Synovial joints

A
  • synovial cavity
  • articular cartilage
  • articular capsule
  • synovial fluid
  • accessory ligaments
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13
Q

Synovial fluid

A

moistens, lubricates, nourishes articular cartilage, contains phagocytic cells

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14
Q

Accessory ligaments

A
  • extracapsular ligaments (outside capsule, LCL)

- intracapsular ligaments (inside capsule, ACL)

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15
Q

Menisci

A

pads of firbrocartilage between articular membranes

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16
Q

Bursae

A
  • fluid-filled saclike structures

- reduce friction between skin/bone or ligament/bone

17
Q

Gliding movement

A
  • simplest
  • one flat bone glides or slips over another
  • no change in angle between bones
18
Q

Flexion

A
  • sagittal plane

- bending movement that decreases angle between 2 bones

19
Q

Extension

A
  • sagittal plane

- bending movement that increases angle between 2 bones

20
Q

Hyperextension

A

bending past 0 degrees

21
Q

Abduction

A
  • frontal plane

- movement of limb away from midline of body

22
Q

Adduction

A
  • frontal plane

- movement of limb toward midline of body

23
Q

Circumduction

A
  • 2 axes
  • movement of distal part of body in a circle
  • uses comination of movements
24
Q

Rotation

A
  • all roational movements around transverse plane
  • turning of bone around its own longitudinal axis
  • internal (medial) vs. external (lateral) rotation
25
Q

Plantar flexion

A
  • ankle

- bending of foot at ankle in direction of inferior surface

26
Q

Dorsiflexion

A
  • ankle

- bending of foot at ankle in direction of superior surface

27
Q

Opposition

A

movement of thumb across palm to touch tips of fingers on same hand

28
Q

Inversion

A

comes in towards midline

29
Q

Eversion

A

away from midline

30
Q

Types of synovial joints

A
  • planar
  • hinge
  • pivot
  • condyloid
  • saddle
31
Q

Planar (gliding)

A
  • articular surface flat or slightly curved
  • gliding movements
  • biaxial
  • i.e. intercarpal, sternoclavicular joint
32
Q

Hinge

A
  • convex portion of one bone fits into concave portion of another
  • flexion, extension
  • uniaxial- sagittal
  • i.e. knee, elbow, ankle
33
Q

Pivot

A
  • rounded or pointed end of one bone articulates with a ring formed partly by another boneand partly by a ligament
  • rotation
  • uniaxial- transverse
34
Q

Condyloid

A
  • convex oval-shaped projection of one bone fits into oval shaped depression of another
  • flexion, extension, abduction, adduction
  • biaxial- frontal, sagittal
  • i.e. wrist, metacarpophalangeal joints
35
Q

Saddle

A
  • articular surface of one bone is saddle-shaped
  • flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, opposition, rotation, circumduction
  • triaxial- frontal, sagittal, transverse
  • i.e. carpometacarpal joint in thumb
36
Q

Ball and socket

A
  • ball-like surface of one bone articulates with cup-like depression of another
  • flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, circumduction
  • triaxial- frontal, sagittal, transverse
37
Q

Arthroplasty

A

replace diseased joints with an artifical joint (prosthesis)

38
Q

Dislocation

A
  • has to be reduced

- out of socket, ER probable

39
Q

Subluxation

A
  • minor dislocation
  • out of joint then back in
  • common after dislocation

Anatomy & Physiology (9 decks)

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