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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 6 - The Skeletal System: Bone Tissue > Flashcards

Chapter 6 - The Skeletal System: Bone Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of bone

A
  • structural framework
  • protects organs
  • assistance in movement
  • mineral storage (calcium and phosphorus)
  • hemopoeisis
  • triglyceride storage
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2
Q

Hemopoeisis

A
  • production of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
  • occurs in red bone marrow
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3
Q

Structure of a long bone

A
  • diaphysis
  • epiphyses
  • metaphyses
  • periosteum
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4
Q

Diaphysis

A
  • medullary cavity (middle of bone)

- endosteum (layer of bone forming cells around medullary cavity)

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5
Q

Epiphyses

A
  • ends of bone

- covered by articular cartilage

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6
Q

Metaphyses

A

-epiphyseal plate vs. epiphyseal line

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7
Q

Epiphyseal plate

A
  • before maturation

- cartilage allows growing in length, damage of both plates stops growth

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8
Q

Epiphyseal line

A

after maturation

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9
Q

Periosteum

A
  • layer of bone forming cells
  • growth in thickness, protects bone, fracture repair, nourishes bone tissue, attachment point for ligaments
  • everything on outer bone not covered by cartilage
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10
Q

Osteogenic cells

A
  • stem cells
  • undifferentiated; divide; develop into osteoblasts
  • found in periosteum and endosteum
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11
Q

Osteoblasts

A
  • immature bone cells
  • secrete collagen fibers and extracellular matrix
  • trapped in secretions to become osteocytes
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12
Q

Osteocytes

A
  • mature bone cells

- main cells of bone; maintains metabolism

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13
Q

Osteoclasts

A
  • resorption (breakdown of bone extracellular matrix

- endosteum

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14
Q

Extracellular matrix

A
  • water (15%)
  • collagen fibers (30%)
  • hydroxyapatite (rest)
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15
Q

Hydroxyapatite

A

ground substance in bone, calcifies, crystallized mineral salts

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16
Q

Compact bone

A
  • 80% of bone in body
  • strongest form of bone tissue
  • found beneath periosteum and make sup most of diaphysis of long bone
  • protection, support, and resists stresses produced by weight and movement
  • can withstand stress in single direction
  • osteons
17
Q

Osteons

A
  • found in diaphysis
  • Haversion canals and perforating canals (have blood vessels)
  • lamalle- extracellular fluid here
  • osteocytes in lacunae
  • canaliculi- allow communiction, tunnels
18
Q

Spongy bone

A
  • trabeculae
  • marrow (vascular)
  • can withstand stress in multiple directions
19
Q

Trabeculae

A
  • lamalle arranged in irregular lattice
  • lacunae containing osteocytes by canaliculi
  • forms epiphyses of long bones, along edge of medullary cavity in diaphysis, and short/flat/irregular bones
  • no blood supply- wherever you find spongy bone marrow (vascular)
20
Q

Periosteal arteries

A

supply periosteum

21
Q

Nutrient arteries

A
  • enter through nutrient foramen

- supplies compact bone of diaphysis, spongy bone, and red marrow

22
Q

Epiphyseal arteries

A

supply red marrow and bone tissue of epiphyses

23
Q

Hemopoeisis in a newborn

A
  • a lot of bone marrow
  • found in medullary cavity of long bones
  • cavities between trabeculae of spongy bone of all bones
24
Q

Hemopoeisis in an adult

A
  • cavities between trabeculae of spongy bone of irregular and flat bones
  • epiphyses of long bones
25
Q

Intramembranous ossification

A
  • bone forms directly from or within mesenchyme
  • flat bones of skull and mandible
  • occurs in spongy bone becuase of trabeculae, flat bones and mandible (not long bones)
  • differentiate inot osteoblasts
  • calcification
  • formation of trabeculae
  • development of periosteum
26
Q

Calcification

A
  • osteoblasts differentiate into osteocytes

- extracellular matrix hardens

27
Q

Endochondral ossification

A
  • forms most skeletal bones
  • development of cartilage model
  • development of primary ossification center
  • differentiate into osteoblasts
  • development of medullary cavity
  • development of second ossification center
  • formation of articular cargilage and epiphyseal plate
28
Q

Longitudinal (interstital) growth

A
  • increasing length, stops around age 20
  • occurs at epiphyseal plate
  • diaphysis gets longer, epiphyses stays same size
29
Q

Appositional growth

A
  • lamalle added to periosteum
  • osteoclasts destroy bone tissue in endosteum
  • diameter of medullary cavity increases

Anatomy & Physiology (9 decks)

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