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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 5 - The Integumentary System > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - The Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of skin

A
  • protection
  • thermoregulation
  • cutaneous sensation
  • vitamin D synthesis
  • blood reservoir
  • excretion and absorption
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2
Q

Epidermis

A
  • superficial layer
  • keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
  • avascular/own nerve supply
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3
Q

4 cell types of epidermis

A
  • keratinocytes (90%)
  • melanocytes (8%)
  • Langerhans cells
  • Merkel cells
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4
Q

Langerhans cells

A

immune function

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5
Q

Merkel cells

A

touch

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6
Q

Epidermal layers (deep to superficial)

A
  • stratum basale
  • stratum spinosum
  • stratum granulosm
  • stratum lucidum
  • stratum corneum
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7
Q

Stratum basale

A
  • contains all 4 cell types
  • deepest layer
  • mitosis occurs here
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8
Q

Stratum spinosum

A
  • keratinocytes and Langerhans cells present

- projection of melanocytes (cells alive)

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9
Q

Stratum granulosm

A
  • lamellar granules
  • transitional layers (apoptosis)
  • water repellent layer
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10
Q

Apoptosis

A

programmed cell death

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11
Q

Stratum lucidum

A
  • present only in thick skin

- 10-15 layers fo dead skin cells

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12
Q

Stratum corneum

A
  • keratin
  • continuously shed (20-30 layers)
  • most superficial
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13
Q

Psoriasis

A

shed cells rapidly

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14
Q

Skin graft

A

possible with stratum basale injury (mitosis disrupted)

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15
Q

Dermis

A
  • deep layer
  • vascular/nerves
  • papillary layer
  • reticular region
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16
Q

Papillary layer

A
  • 1/5 of dermis
  • areolar connective tissue
  • dermal papillae
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17
Q

Dermal papillae

A
  • finger-like projections
  • superficial part of dermis
  • contact point between dermis and epidermis
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18
Q

Reticular region

A
  • attached to subcutaneous layer
  • thickest
  • dense irregular connective tissue (can’t be replaced, CT)
  • oil, sweat glands, hair follicles
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19
Q

Hypodermis

A
  • not layer of skin
  • subcutaneous layer
  • areolar connective adipose tissue
  • stores fat; abundance of blood vessels
  • Pacinian corpuscles (pressure)
20
Q

Hemoglobin

A
  • pigment in red blood cells that carrie oxygen

- degree of oxygenation of blood; amounts of blood in area

21
Q

Carotene

A
  • ingested (precursor of vitamin A)

- accumulates in stratum corneum with excessive dietary intake

22
Q

Melanin

A
  • only pigment synthesized in skin

- differences in color reflect amount of pigment and kind made

23
Q

Albinism

A

inability to produce melanin (still have melanocytes)

24
Q

Vitiligo

A
  • loss of melanocytes from patches of skin
  • symmetrical
  • usually occurs later in life
  • auto immune disease(?)
25
Q

Functions of hair

A

protection and light touch (receptors- Merkel and Langerhans cells)

26
Q

Anatomy of hair

A
  • shaft

- root (penetrates dermis and subcutaneous layer)

27
Q

Root

A
  • medulla
  • cortex
  • cuticle
28
Q

Hair follicle

A
  • surrounds root
  • epithelial root sheath
  • dermal root sheath
29
Q

Hair bulb

A

deepest part (onion shaped)

30
Q

Hair papilla

A
  • opening on bottom of hair

- contains blood vessels/nerves

31
Q

Matrix

A
  • layer of cells around papilla

- mitosis similar to stratum basale

32
Q

Arrector pili muscles

A

smooth muscles that can contract when excited (i.e. goosebumps)

33
Q

Alopecia

A
  • condition characterized by the rapid onset of hair loss in a sharply defined area
  • caused by genetics, endocrine disorders, chemotherapy, stress, etc.
34
Q

Sebaceous (oil) glands

A
  • simple acinar
  • holocrine
  • duct usually opens into hair follicle
  • secretes sebum
  • acne occurs when these glands get infected
35
Q

Sebum

A
  • prevents hair from drying out
  • keeps skin soft and pliable
  • prevents excessive evaporation of water
36
Q

Merocrine sudoriferous (sweat) glands

A
  • simple tubular
  • duct terminates on epidermis
  • water secretions (regulate body temperature, waste removal)
37
Q

Apocrine sudoriferous (sweat) glands

A
  • simple tubular
  • duct open to hair follicles
  • secretes sweat via merocrine method
  • viscous secretions
  • axillary and genital regions
38
Q

Cerumonious (wax) glands

A

-simple tubular
-merocrine
-found in external auditory meatus
-duct terminates on epidermis or into ducts of sebaceous glands
secretes cerumen

39
Q

Cerumen

A

provides sticky barrier that impedes entrance of foreign bodies inot the ear

40
Q

Anatomy of a nail

A
  • nail body
  • nail root (buried under root)
  • eponchium (cuticle) joins body and root
41
Q

1st degree burn

A
  • affects epidermis

- sunburn (no blisters)

42
Q

2nd degree burn

A
  • affects epidermis and dermis
  • blistering occurs
  • lasts 3-4 weeks
43
Q

3rd degree burn

A
  • affects epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layers
  • nerve endings killed
  • skin graft common- stratum basale/nerve endings damaged
44
Q

Rule-of-Nines method

A

determine extent of burn rapidly

45
Q

Hypertrophic scar

A

elevated within the boundaries of original wound

46
Q

Keloid scar

A

extends into previously normal tissue, mind of its own

Anatomy & Physiology (9 decks)

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