Chapter 7/8 - The Skeletal System Flashcards
Types of bones
long, short, flat irregular, sesamoid
Long bone
longer than wide (i.e. humerus)
Short bone
cube shaped, made of compact and spongy bones (i.e. carpals, tarsals)
Irregular bone
i.e. calcaneous, vertebra
Sesamoid bone
found in tendons or ligaments, more friction=development (i.e. patella)
Cranium
encloses and protects brain
Facial bones
form face
Paranasal sinuses
bones that makeup- frontal, ehtomid, sphenoid, maxillary
Fontanels
- made of connective tissue cartilage
- allows growth in newborns
- calcifies into sutures
Hyoid bone
- no articulation
- tongue connects, some ligaments
Vertebral column
- protects spinal cord
- separated by intervertebral disk
Intervertebral disk
- acts like a sponge
- permits various movements
- absorb vertical shock
- nucleus pulpous
- annulus fibrosus (gel)
Primary curves
- thoracic, sacral
- convex
Secondary curves
- cervical, lumbar
- concave
Scoliosis
abnormal lateral curve
Kyphosis
hunchback
Lordosis
exaggerated lumbar curvature (common in obese or pregnant women)
Sternum
fusion of manubrium, body, and xiphoid process
Vertebrosternal (true) ribs
- ribs 1-7
- own cartilage
Vertebrochondral (false) ribs
- ribs 8-10
- share cartilage
Floating ribs
- ribs 11-12
- no cartilage
Pectoral girdle
attach uper extremity to skeleton (i.e. scapula and clavicle)
Pelvic girdle
coxal bones (ilium, ischium, pubis)
Upper limbs
humerus, radius and ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
Lower limbs
femur, tibia and fibula, patella, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
Identifying a person by bone: 1. Race; 2. Age; 3. Gender
Race- skull
Age- long bone
Gender- pelvis
