Chapter 1 - Intro to the Human Body

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

study of structures and relationships

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

study of functions of structures

Question 3

6 basic life processes

Answer 3

metabolism, responsiveness, movement, growth, differentiation, reproduction

Question 4

Metabolism

Answer 4

sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body

Question 5

Responsiveness

Answer 5

ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them

Question 6

Growth

Answer 6

increase in size (number of cells vs. size of cells)

Question 7

Hypertrophy

Answer 7

increase in size of cells, after puberty (opposite of atrophy)

Question 8

Hyperplasia

Answer 8

increase in number of cells, before puberty

Question 9

Differentiation

Answer 9

change in cell from unspecialized to a specialized state

Question 10

Reproduction

Answer 10

formation of new cells for growth, repair or replacement or production of a new individual

Question 11

6 levels of structural organization

Answer 11

chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism

Question 12

Homeostasis

Answer 12

condition in which the body’s internal environment remains relatively constant within physiological limits

Question 13

Interstitial fluid

Answer 13

bathes cell, internal environment

Question 14

Receptor

Answer 14

body structure that monitors changes in a controlled condition and sends input to a control center

Question 15

Control center

Answer 15

sets range of values within which a controlled condition should be maintained, evaluates input/generates output

Question 16

Effector

Answer 16

body structure that receives output from control center and produces a response that changes a controlled condition

Question 17

Negative feedback systems

Answer 17

reverses a change in a controlled condition, reduces/eliminates a stimulus, most mechanisms operate in this manner

Question 18

Positive feedback systems

Answer 18

strengthens/reinforces a change in one of the body’s controlled conditions (ex. oxytocin released during childbirth)

Question 19

Superior

Answer 19

upper part of the body, towards the head

Question 20

Inferior

Answer 20

lower part of the body, away from the head

Question 21

Anterior

Answer 21

front of the body

Question 22

Posterior

Answer 22

back of the body

Question 23

Proximal

Answer 23

near the attachment of the extremity

Question 24

Distal

Answer 24

further from the attachment of the extremity

Question 25

Superficial

Answer 25

closer to the surface

Question 26

Deep

Answer 26

away from the surface

Question 27

Ipsilateral

Answer 27

same side

Question 28

Contralateral

Answer 28

opposite side

Question 29

Ventral

Answer 29

front side

Question 30

Dorsal

Answer 30

back side

Question 31

Prone

Answer 31

lying face down

Question 32

Supine

Answer 32

lying on back

Question 33

Sagittal

Answer 33

divide into left and right side

Question 34

Midsagittal

Answer 34

equal left and right sides

Question 35

Parasagittal

Answer 35

unequal left and right sides

Question 36

Frontal (coronal)

Answer 36

divide into front and back

Question 37

Transverse (horizontal)

Answer 37

splitting into top and bottom

Question 38

Body cavities

Answer 38

spaces within the body that protect, separate, and support internal organs

Question 39

Mediastinum

Answer 39

contains everything in thoracic cavity except lungs

Question 40

Viscera

Answer 40

all organs in a cavity, whole rather than individual organs

Question 41

Serous membrane

Answer 41

parietal and visceral layers (ex. pleura, pericardium, peritoneum)